Persistent tachypnea of infancy (term no longer in use)
Definitions
Form of childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) associated with neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia
First descriptions in 2001-2005
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Verma N et al: ChILD: A pictorial review of pulmonary imaging findings in childhood interstitial lung diseases. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 50(1):95-103, 2021
Wu M et al: Childhood interstitial lung disease: a case-based review of the imaging findings. Ann Thorac Med. 16(1):64-72, 2021
Liptzin DR et al: Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy. Clinical score and comorbidities. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 17(6):724-8, 2020
Bush A et al: Early onset children's interstitial lung diseases: discrete entities or manifestations of pulmonary dysmaturity? Paediatr Respir Rev. 30:65-71, 2018
Mastej EJ et al: Lung and airway shape in neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy. Pediatr Radiol. 48(12):1745-54, 2018
Mengoli MC et al: Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) syndrome and carcinoid tumors with/without NECH: A clinicopathologic, radiologic, and immunomolecular comparison study. Am J Surg Pathol. 42(5):646-55, 2018
Houin PR et al: Exacerbations in neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy are characterized by increased air trapping. Pediatr Pulmonol. 51(3):E9-12, 2016
Kerby GS et al: Abnormal infant pulmonary function in young children with neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 48(10):1008-15, 2013
Lukkarinen H et al: Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy: a prospective follow-up of nine children. Arch Dis Child. 98(2):141-4, 2013
Young LR et al: A mutation in TTF1/NKX2.1 is associated with familial neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy. Chest. 144(4):1199-206, 2013
Das S et al: Interstitial lung disease in children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 23(3):325-31, 2011
Guillerman RP et al: Contemporary perspectives on pediatric diffuse lung disease. Radiol Clin North Am. 49(5):847-68, 2011
Young LR et al: Neuroendocrine cell distribution and frequency distinguish neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy from other pulmonary disorders. Chest. 139(5):1060-71, 2011
Brody AS et al: Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy: diagnosis with high-resolution CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(1):238-44, 2010
Popler J et al: Beyond infancy: persistence of chronic lung disease in neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI). Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 181(1):A6721, 2010
Popler J et al: Familial neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 45(8):749-55, 2010
Brody AS: Computed tomography of pediatric small airways disease. In Boiselle PM et al: CT of the Airways. New York; Humana Press. 381-404, 2009
Klusmann M et al: HRCT in paediatric diffuse interstitial lung disease--a review for 2009. Pediatr Radiol. 39 Suppl 3:471-81, 2009
Langston C et al: Diffuse lung disease in infancy: a proposed classification applied to 259 diagnostic biopsies. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 12(6):421-37, 2009
Deutsch GH et al: Diffuse lung disease in young children: application of a novel classification scheme. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 176(11):1120-8, 2007
Brody AS et al: Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI). Pediatr Radiol. 36(12):1328, 2006
Deterding RR et al: Persistent tachypnea of infancy is associated with neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 40(2):157-65, 2005
Pipavath SJ et al: Radiologic and pathologic features of bronchiolitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 185(2):354-63, 2005
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
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Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI)
Synonyms
Familial NEHI
Persistent tachypnea of infancy (term no longer in use)
Definitions
Form of childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) associated with neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia
First descriptions in 2001-2005
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Verma N et al: ChILD: A pictorial review of pulmonary imaging findings in childhood interstitial lung diseases. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 50(1):95-103, 2021
Wu M et al: Childhood interstitial lung disease: a case-based review of the imaging findings. Ann Thorac Med. 16(1):64-72, 2021
Liptzin DR et al: Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy. Clinical score and comorbidities. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 17(6):724-8, 2020
Bush A et al: Early onset children's interstitial lung diseases: discrete entities or manifestations of pulmonary dysmaturity? Paediatr Respir Rev. 30:65-71, 2018
Mastej EJ et al: Lung and airway shape in neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy. Pediatr Radiol. 48(12):1745-54, 2018
Mengoli MC et al: Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) syndrome and carcinoid tumors with/without NECH: A clinicopathologic, radiologic, and immunomolecular comparison study. Am J Surg Pathol. 42(5):646-55, 2018
Houin PR et al: Exacerbations in neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy are characterized by increased air trapping. Pediatr Pulmonol. 51(3):E9-12, 2016
Kerby GS et al: Abnormal infant pulmonary function in young children with neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 48(10):1008-15, 2013
Lukkarinen H et al: Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy: a prospective follow-up of nine children. Arch Dis Child. 98(2):141-4, 2013
Young LR et al: A mutation in TTF1/NKX2.1 is associated with familial neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy. Chest. 144(4):1199-206, 2013
Das S et al: Interstitial lung disease in children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 23(3):325-31, 2011
Guillerman RP et al: Contemporary perspectives on pediatric diffuse lung disease. Radiol Clin North Am. 49(5):847-68, 2011
Young LR et al: Neuroendocrine cell distribution and frequency distinguish neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy from other pulmonary disorders. Chest. 139(5):1060-71, 2011
Brody AS et al: Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy: diagnosis with high-resolution CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(1):238-44, 2010
Popler J et al: Beyond infancy: persistence of chronic lung disease in neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI). Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 181(1):A6721, 2010
Popler J et al: Familial neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 45(8):749-55, 2010
Brody AS: Computed tomography of pediatric small airways disease. In Boiselle PM et al: CT of the Airways. New York; Humana Press. 381-404, 2009
Klusmann M et al: HRCT in paediatric diffuse interstitial lung disease--a review for 2009. Pediatr Radiol. 39 Suppl 3:471-81, 2009
Langston C et al: Diffuse lung disease in infancy: a proposed classification applied to 259 diagnostic biopsies. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 12(6):421-37, 2009
Deutsch GH et al: Diffuse lung disease in young children: application of a novel classification scheme. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 176(11):1120-8, 2007
Brody AS et al: Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI). Pediatr Radiol. 36(12):1328, 2006
Deterding RR et al: Persistent tachypnea of infancy is associated with neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 40(2):157-65, 2005
Pipavath SJ et al: Radiologic and pathologic features of bronchiolitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 185(2):354-63, 2005
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