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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Neurofibroma (NF)
Synonyms
Nerve sheath tumor (NST)
Category of NST also includes schwannomas
Definitions
Benign neoplasm containing Schwann cells, fibroblasts, myxoid material, and peripheral nerve fibers without true capsule (WHO grade 1)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Ledbetter LN et al: Imaging of intraspinal tumors. Radiol Clin North Am. 57(2):341-57, 2019
Stewart DR et al: Care of adults with neurofibromatosis type 1: a clinical practice resource of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genet Med. 20(7):671-82, 2018
Merhemic Z et al: Neuroimaging of spinal tumors. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 24(3):563-79, 2016
Simou N et al: Plexiform neurofibroma of the cauda equina: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Pathol. 16(1):78-80, 2008
Sehgal VN et al: Solitary plexiform neurofibroma(s): role of magnetic resonance imaging. Skinmed. 6(2):99-100, 2007
Brenner W et al: Prognostic relevance of FDG PET in patients with neurofibromatosis type-1 and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 33(4):428-32, 2006
Cardona S et al: Evaluation of F18-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to assess the nature of neurogenic tumours. Eur J Surg Oncol. 29(6):536-41, 2003
Garg S et al: Quadriplegia in a 10 year-old boy due to multiple cervical neurofibromas. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 28(17):E339-43, 2003
Khong PL et al: MR imaging of spinal tumors in children with neurofibromatosis 1. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(2):413-7, 2003
Mautner VF et al: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in neurofibromatosis type 1: MRI supports the diagnosis of malignant plexiform neurofibroma. Neuroradiology. 45(9):618-25, 2003
Simoens WA et al: MR features of peripheral nerve sheath tumors: can a calculated index compete with radiologist's experience? Eur Radiol. 11(2):250-7, 2001
Ferner RE et al: Evaluation of (18)fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)FDG PET) in the detection of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours arising from within plexiform neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis 1. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 68(3):353-7, 2000
Woodruff JM et al: Neurofibroma. In Kleihues P, Cavenee WK. Tumors of the Nervous System. Lyon: IARC Press. 167-8, 2000
Murphey MD et al: From the archives of the AFIP. Imaging of musculoskeletal neurogenic tumors: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 19(5):1253-80, 1999
Thakkar SD et al: Spinal tumours in neurofibromatosis type 1: an MRI study of frequency, multiplicity and variety. Neuroradiology. 41(9):625-9, 1999
Klekamp J et al: Surgery of spinal nerve sheath tumors with special reference to neurofibromatosis. Neurosurgery. 42(2):279-89; discussion 289-90, 1998
Shariff SY et al: Intraspinal tumours in children--clinical presentation. Ir Med J. 90(7):264-5, 1997
Yagi T et al: Intramedullary spinal cord tumour associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 139(11):1055-60, 1997
Tatagiba M et al: Involvement of spinal nerves in neurofibromatosis. Neurosurg Rev. 17(1):43-9, 1994
Clinchot DM et al: The spectrum of neurofibromatosis: neurologic manifestations with malignant transformation. J Am Paraplegia Soc. 16(2):81-3, 1993
Shu HH et al: Neurofibromatosis: MR imaging findings involving the head and spine. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 160(1):159-64, 1993
Egelhoff JC et al: Spinal MR findings in neurofibromatosis types 1 and 2. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 13(4):1071-7, 1992
Li MH et al: MR imaging of spinal neurofibromatosis. Acta Radiol. 32(4):279-85, 1991
Ros PR et al: Plexiform neurofibroma of the pelvis: CT and MRI findings. Magn Reson Imaging. 9(3):463-5, 1991
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Neurofibroma (NF)
Synonyms
Nerve sheath tumor (NST)
Category of NST also includes schwannomas
Definitions
Benign neoplasm containing Schwann cells, fibroblasts, myxoid material, and peripheral nerve fibers without true capsule (WHO grade 1)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Ledbetter LN et al: Imaging of intraspinal tumors. Radiol Clin North Am. 57(2):341-57, 2019
Stewart DR et al: Care of adults with neurofibromatosis type 1: a clinical practice resource of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genet Med. 20(7):671-82, 2018
Merhemic Z et al: Neuroimaging of spinal tumors. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 24(3):563-79, 2016
Simou N et al: Plexiform neurofibroma of the cauda equina: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Pathol. 16(1):78-80, 2008
Sehgal VN et al: Solitary plexiform neurofibroma(s): role of magnetic resonance imaging. Skinmed. 6(2):99-100, 2007
Brenner W et al: Prognostic relevance of FDG PET in patients with neurofibromatosis type-1 and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 33(4):428-32, 2006
Cardona S et al: Evaluation of F18-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to assess the nature of neurogenic tumours. Eur J Surg Oncol. 29(6):536-41, 2003
Garg S et al: Quadriplegia in a 10 year-old boy due to multiple cervical neurofibromas. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 28(17):E339-43, 2003
Khong PL et al: MR imaging of spinal tumors in children with neurofibromatosis 1. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(2):413-7, 2003
Mautner VF et al: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in neurofibromatosis type 1: MRI supports the diagnosis of malignant plexiform neurofibroma. Neuroradiology. 45(9):618-25, 2003
Simoens WA et al: MR features of peripheral nerve sheath tumors: can a calculated index compete with radiologist's experience? Eur Radiol. 11(2):250-7, 2001
Ferner RE et al: Evaluation of (18)fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)FDG PET) in the detection of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours arising from within plexiform neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis 1. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 68(3):353-7, 2000
Woodruff JM et al: Neurofibroma. In Kleihues P, Cavenee WK. Tumors of the Nervous System. Lyon: IARC Press. 167-8, 2000
Murphey MD et al: From the archives of the AFIP. Imaging of musculoskeletal neurogenic tumors: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 19(5):1253-80, 1999
Thakkar SD et al: Spinal tumours in neurofibromatosis type 1: an MRI study of frequency, multiplicity and variety. Neuroradiology. 41(9):625-9, 1999
Klekamp J et al: Surgery of spinal nerve sheath tumors with special reference to neurofibromatosis. Neurosurgery. 42(2):279-89; discussion 289-90, 1998
Shariff SY et al: Intraspinal tumours in children--clinical presentation. Ir Med J. 90(7):264-5, 1997
Yagi T et al: Intramedullary spinal cord tumour associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 139(11):1055-60, 1997
Tatagiba M et al: Involvement of spinal nerves in neurofibromatosis. Neurosurg Rev. 17(1):43-9, 1994
Clinchot DM et al: The spectrum of neurofibromatosis: neurologic manifestations with malignant transformation. J Am Paraplegia Soc. 16(2):81-3, 1993
Shu HH et al: Neurofibromatosis: MR imaging findings involving the head and spine. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 160(1):159-64, 1993
Egelhoff JC et al: Spinal MR findings in neurofibromatosis types 1 and 2. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 13(4):1071-7, 1992
Li MH et al: MR imaging of spinal neurofibromatosis. Acta Radiol. 32(4):279-85, 1991
Ros PR et al: Plexiform neurofibroma of the pelvis: CT and MRI findings. Magn Reson Imaging. 9(3):463-5, 1991
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