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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Neurofibroma (NF)
Synonyms
- Nerve sheath tumor (NST)
- Category of NST also includes schwannomas
- Nerve sheath tumor (NST)
Definitions
- Benign neoplasm containing Schwann cells, fibroblasts, myxoid material, and peripheral nerve fibers without true capsule (WHO grade 1)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Ledbetter LN et al: Imaging of intraspinal tumors. Radiol Clin North Am. 57(2):341-57, 2019
- Stewart DR et al: Care of adults with neurofibromatosis type 1: a clinical practice resource of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genet Med. 20(7):671-82, 2018
- Merhemic Z et al: Neuroimaging of spinal tumors. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 24(3):563-79, 2016
- Simou N et al: Plexiform neurofibroma of the cauda equina: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Pathol. 16(1):78-80, 2008
- Sehgal VN et al: Solitary plexiform neurofibroma(s): role of magnetic resonance imaging. Skinmed. 6(2):99-100, 2007
- Brenner W et al: Prognostic relevance of FDG PET in patients with neurofibromatosis type-1 and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 33(4):428-32, 2006
- Cardona S et al: Evaluation of F18-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to assess the nature of neurogenic tumours. Eur J Surg Oncol. 29(6):536-41, 2003
- Garg S et al: Quadriplegia in a 10 year-old boy due to multiple cervical neurofibromas. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 28(17):E339-43, 2003
- Khong PL et al: MR imaging of spinal tumors in children with neurofibromatosis 1. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(2):413-7, 2003
- Mautner VF et al: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in neurofibromatosis type 1: MRI supports the diagnosis of malignant plexiform neurofibroma. Neuroradiology. 45(9):618-25, 2003
- Simoens WA et al: MR features of peripheral nerve sheath tumors: can a calculated index compete with radiologist's experience? Eur Radiol. 11(2):250-7, 2001
- Ferner RE et al: Evaluation of (18)fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)FDG PET) in the detection of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours arising from within plexiform neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis 1. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 68(3):353-7, 2000
- Woodruff JM et al: Neurofibroma. In Kleihues P, Cavenee WK. Tumors of the Nervous System. Lyon: IARC Press. 167-8, 2000
- Murphey MD et al: From the archives of the AFIP. Imaging of musculoskeletal neurogenic tumors: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 19(5):1253-80, 1999
- Thakkar SD et al: Spinal tumours in neurofibromatosis type 1: an MRI study of frequency, multiplicity and variety. Neuroradiology. 41(9):625-9, 1999
- Klekamp J et al: Surgery of spinal nerve sheath tumors with special reference to neurofibromatosis. Neurosurgery. 42(2):279-89; discussion 289-90, 1998
- Shariff SY et al: Intraspinal tumours in children--clinical presentation. Ir Med J. 90(7):264-5, 1997
- Yagi T et al: Intramedullary spinal cord tumour associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 139(11):1055-60, 1997
- Tatagiba M et al: Involvement of spinal nerves in neurofibromatosis. Neurosurg Rev. 17(1):43-9, 1994
- Clinchot DM et al: The spectrum of neurofibromatosis: neurologic manifestations with malignant transformation. J Am Paraplegia Soc. 16(2):81-3, 1993
- Shu HH et al: Neurofibromatosis: MR imaging findings involving the head and spine. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 160(1):159-64, 1993
- Egelhoff JC et al: Spinal MR findings in neurofibromatosis types 1 and 2. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 13(4):1071-7, 1992
- Li MH et al: MR imaging of spinal neurofibromatosis. Acta Radiol. 32(4):279-85, 1991
- Ros PR et al: Plexiform neurofibroma of the pelvis: CT and MRI findings. Magn Reson Imaging. 9(3):463-5, 1991
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Neurofibroma (NF)
Synonyms
- Nerve sheath tumor (NST)
- Category of NST also includes schwannomas
- Nerve sheath tumor (NST)
Definitions
- Benign neoplasm containing Schwann cells, fibroblasts, myxoid material, and peripheral nerve fibers without true capsule (WHO grade 1)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Ledbetter LN et al: Imaging of intraspinal tumors. Radiol Clin North Am. 57(2):341-57, 2019
- Stewart DR et al: Care of adults with neurofibromatosis type 1: a clinical practice resource of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genet Med. 20(7):671-82, 2018
- Merhemic Z et al: Neuroimaging of spinal tumors. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 24(3):563-79, 2016
- Simou N et al: Plexiform neurofibroma of the cauda equina: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Pathol. 16(1):78-80, 2008
- Sehgal VN et al: Solitary plexiform neurofibroma(s): role of magnetic resonance imaging. Skinmed. 6(2):99-100, 2007
- Brenner W et al: Prognostic relevance of FDG PET in patients with neurofibromatosis type-1 and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 33(4):428-32, 2006
- Cardona S et al: Evaluation of F18-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to assess the nature of neurogenic tumours. Eur J Surg Oncol. 29(6):536-41, 2003
- Garg S et al: Quadriplegia in a 10 year-old boy due to multiple cervical neurofibromas. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 28(17):E339-43, 2003
- Khong PL et al: MR imaging of spinal tumors in children with neurofibromatosis 1. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(2):413-7, 2003
- Mautner VF et al: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in neurofibromatosis type 1: MRI supports the diagnosis of malignant plexiform neurofibroma. Neuroradiology. 45(9):618-25, 2003
- Simoens WA et al: MR features of peripheral nerve sheath tumors: can a calculated index compete with radiologist's experience? Eur Radiol. 11(2):250-7, 2001
- Ferner RE et al: Evaluation of (18)fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)FDG PET) in the detection of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours arising from within plexiform neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis 1. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 68(3):353-7, 2000
- Woodruff JM et al: Neurofibroma. In Kleihues P, Cavenee WK. Tumors of the Nervous System. Lyon: IARC Press. 167-8, 2000
- Murphey MD et al: From the archives of the AFIP. Imaging of musculoskeletal neurogenic tumors: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 19(5):1253-80, 1999
- Thakkar SD et al: Spinal tumours in neurofibromatosis type 1: an MRI study of frequency, multiplicity and variety. Neuroradiology. 41(9):625-9, 1999
- Klekamp J et al: Surgery of spinal nerve sheath tumors with special reference to neurofibromatosis. Neurosurgery. 42(2):279-89; discussion 289-90, 1998
- Shariff SY et al: Intraspinal tumours in children--clinical presentation. Ir Med J. 90(7):264-5, 1997
- Yagi T et al: Intramedullary spinal cord tumour associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 139(11):1055-60, 1997
- Tatagiba M et al: Involvement of spinal nerves in neurofibromatosis. Neurosurg Rev. 17(1):43-9, 1994
- Clinchot DM et al: The spectrum of neurofibromatosis: neurologic manifestations with malignant transformation. J Am Paraplegia Soc. 16(2):81-3, 1993
- Shu HH et al: Neurofibromatosis: MR imaging findings involving the head and spine. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 160(1):159-64, 1993
- Egelhoff JC et al: Spinal MR findings in neurofibromatosis types 1 and 2. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 13(4):1071-7, 1992
- Li MH et al: MR imaging of spinal neurofibromatosis. Acta Radiol. 32(4):279-85, 1991
- Ros PR et al: Plexiform neurofibroma of the pelvis: CT and MRI findings. Magn Reson Imaging. 9(3):463-5, 1991
