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Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Malignant retropharyngeal space (RPS) nodes: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa) RPS nodes from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPCa), posterior wall oropharyngeal, or hypopharyngeal primary SCCa
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CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Chen J et al: Evaluation of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of retropharyngeal lymph node metastases in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Cancer Manag Res. 12:1733-9, 2020
- Iyizoba-Ebozue Z et al: Incidence and patterns of retropharyngeal lymph node involvement in oropharyngeal carcinoma. Radiother Oncol. 142:92-9, 2020
- Li WZ et al: MRI-detected residual retropharyngeal lymph node after intensity-modulated radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: prognostic value and a nomogram for the pretherapy prediction of it. Radiother Oncol. 145:101-8, 2020
- So TY et al: Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging for discrimination of benign and malignant retropharyngeal nodes. Neuroradiology. 62(12):1667-76, 2020
- Huang L et al: Prognostic value of retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis laterality in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and a proposed modification to the UICC/AJCC N staging system. Radiother Oncol. 140:90-7, 2019
- Iyizoba-Ebozue Z et al: Retropharyngeal lymph node involvement in oropharyngeal carcinoma: impact upon risk of distant metastases and survival outcomes. Cancers (Basel). 12(1), 2019
- Oikawa Y et al: Management of retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in oral cancer. Oral Oncol. 99:104471, 2019
- Teshima M et al: Impact of retropharyngeal lymph node dissection in the surgical treatment of hypopharyngeal cancer. Head Neck. 41(6):1738-44, 2019
- Loke SC et al: Superior cervical ganglion mimicking retropharyngeal adenopathy in head and neck cancer patients: MRI features with anatomic, histologic, and surgical correlation. Neuroradiology. 58(1):45-50, 2016
- Suzuki T et al: Effectiveness of superselective intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy targeting retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 273(10):3331-6, 2016
- Wu IS et al: Is unenhanced 18F-FDG-PET/CT better than enhanced CT in the detection of retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma? Ear Nose Throat J. 95(4-5):178-84, 2016
- Byeon HK et al: Transoral robotic retropharyngeal lymph node dissection with or without lateral oropharyngectomy. J Craniofac Surg. 24(4):1156-61, 2013
- Gunn GB et al: The impact of radiographic retropharyngeal adenopathy in oropharyngeal cancer. Cancer. 119(17):3162-9, 2013
- Tang C et al: Radiologic assessment of retropharyngeal node involvement in oropharyngeal carcinomas stratified by HPV status. Radiother Oncol. 109(2):293-6, 2013
- Harada R et al: The incidence and significance of retropharyngeal lymph node metastases in hypopharyngeal cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 42(9):794-9, 2012
- Ho FC et al: Patterns of regional lymph node metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis of clinical evidence. BMC Cancer. 12:98, 2012
- Coskun HH et al: Retropharyngeal lymph node metastases in head and neck malignancies. Head Neck. 33(10):1520-9, 2011
- Chen YB et al: Optimization of magnetic resonance sequences in lymph node staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl). 123(4):443-6, 2010
- Deng XY et al: Analysis of cervical and retropharyngeal lymph node metastases in the patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Chin J Cancer. 29(2):189-93, 2010
- Tauzin M et al: PET-CT staging of the neck in cancers of the oropharynx: patterns of regional and retropharyngeal nodal metastasis. World J Surg Oncol. 8:70, 2010
- Chu HR et al: Additional diagnostic value of (18)F-FDG PET-CT in detecting retropharyngeal nodal metastases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 141(5):633-8, 2009
- Kamiyama R et al: Significance of retropharyngeal lymph node dissection in hypopharyngeal cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 39(10):632-7, 2009
- Kaplan SL et al: The role of MR imaging in detecting nodal disease in thyroidectomy patients with rising thyroglobulin levels. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(3):608-12, 2009
- Tang L et al: The volume to be irradiated during selective neck irradiation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: analysis of the spread patterns in lymph nodes by magnetic resonance imaging. Cancer. 115(3):680-8, 2009
- Tham IW et al: Retropharyngeal nodal metastasis related to higher rate of distant metastasis in patients with N0 and N1 nasopharyngeal cancer. Head Neck. 31(4):468-74, 2009
- Umeda M et al: Metastasis to the lateral retropharyngeal lymph node from squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: report of three cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 38(9):1004-8, 2009
- Wang XS et al: Patterns of retropharyngeal node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 73(1):194-201, 2009
- Mao YP et al: The N staging system in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with radiation therapy oncology group guidelines for lymph node levels based on magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Cancer Res. 14(22):7497-503, 2008
- Tang L et al: Retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma detected by magnetic resonance imaging : prognostic value and staging categories. Cancer. 113(2):347-54, 2008
- Dirix P et al: Prognostic influence of retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 65(3):739-44, 2006
- Shimizu K et al: Distribution and impact of lymph node metastases in oropharyngeal cancer. Acta Otolaryngol. 126(8):872-7, 2006
- Gross ND et al: Impact of retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 130(2):169-73, 2004
- King AD et al: Neck node metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma: MR imaging of patterns of disease. Head Neck. 22(3):275-81, 2000
- Kimura Y et al: Lateral retropharyngeal node metastasis from carcinoma of the upper gingiva and maxillary sinus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 19(7):1221-4, 1998
- Lam WW et al: Retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck. 19(3):176-81, 1997
- McLaughlin MP et al: Retropharyngeal adenopathy as a predictor of outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Head Neck. 17(3):190-8, 1995
- Hasegawa Y et al: Retropharyngeal node dissection in cancer of the oropharynx and hypopharynx. Head Neck. 16(2):173-80, 1994
- Watarai J et al: CT of retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis from maxillary carcinoma. Acta Radiol. 34(5):492-5, 1993
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Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Malignant retropharyngeal space (RPS) nodes: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa) RPS nodes from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPCa), posterior wall oropharyngeal, or hypopharyngeal primary SCCa
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Chen J et al: Evaluation of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of retropharyngeal lymph node metastases in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Cancer Manag Res. 12:1733-9, 2020
- Iyizoba-Ebozue Z et al: Incidence and patterns of retropharyngeal lymph node involvement in oropharyngeal carcinoma. Radiother Oncol. 142:92-9, 2020
- Li WZ et al: MRI-detected residual retropharyngeal lymph node after intensity-modulated radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: prognostic value and a nomogram for the pretherapy prediction of it. Radiother Oncol. 145:101-8, 2020
- So TY et al: Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging for discrimination of benign and malignant retropharyngeal nodes. Neuroradiology. 62(12):1667-76, 2020
- Huang L et al: Prognostic value of retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis laterality in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and a proposed modification to the UICC/AJCC N staging system. Radiother Oncol. 140:90-7, 2019
- Iyizoba-Ebozue Z et al: Retropharyngeal lymph node involvement in oropharyngeal carcinoma: impact upon risk of distant metastases and survival outcomes. Cancers (Basel). 12(1), 2019
- Oikawa Y et al: Management of retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in oral cancer. Oral Oncol. 99:104471, 2019
- Teshima M et al: Impact of retropharyngeal lymph node dissection in the surgical treatment of hypopharyngeal cancer. Head Neck. 41(6):1738-44, 2019
- Loke SC et al: Superior cervical ganglion mimicking retropharyngeal adenopathy in head and neck cancer patients: MRI features with anatomic, histologic, and surgical correlation. Neuroradiology. 58(1):45-50, 2016
- Suzuki T et al: Effectiveness of superselective intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy targeting retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 273(10):3331-6, 2016
- Wu IS et al: Is unenhanced 18F-FDG-PET/CT better than enhanced CT in the detection of retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma? Ear Nose Throat J. 95(4-5):178-84, 2016
- Byeon HK et al: Transoral robotic retropharyngeal lymph node dissection with or without lateral oropharyngectomy. J Craniofac Surg. 24(4):1156-61, 2013
- Gunn GB et al: The impact of radiographic retropharyngeal adenopathy in oropharyngeal cancer. Cancer. 119(17):3162-9, 2013
- Tang C et al: Radiologic assessment of retropharyngeal node involvement in oropharyngeal carcinomas stratified by HPV status. Radiother Oncol. 109(2):293-6, 2013
- Harada R et al: The incidence and significance of retropharyngeal lymph node metastases in hypopharyngeal cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 42(9):794-9, 2012
- Ho FC et al: Patterns of regional lymph node metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis of clinical evidence. BMC Cancer. 12:98, 2012
- Coskun HH et al: Retropharyngeal lymph node metastases in head and neck malignancies. Head Neck. 33(10):1520-9, 2011
- Chen YB et al: Optimization of magnetic resonance sequences in lymph node staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl). 123(4):443-6, 2010
- Deng XY et al: Analysis of cervical and retropharyngeal lymph node metastases in the patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Chin J Cancer. 29(2):189-93, 2010
- Tauzin M et al: PET-CT staging of the neck in cancers of the oropharynx: patterns of regional and retropharyngeal nodal metastasis. World J Surg Oncol. 8:70, 2010
- Chu HR et al: Additional diagnostic value of (18)F-FDG PET-CT in detecting retropharyngeal nodal metastases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 141(5):633-8, 2009
- Kamiyama R et al: Significance of retropharyngeal lymph node dissection in hypopharyngeal cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 39(10):632-7, 2009
- Kaplan SL et al: The role of MR imaging in detecting nodal disease in thyroidectomy patients with rising thyroglobulin levels. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(3):608-12, 2009
- Tang L et al: The volume to be irradiated during selective neck irradiation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: analysis of the spread patterns in lymph nodes by magnetic resonance imaging. Cancer. 115(3):680-8, 2009
- Tham IW et al: Retropharyngeal nodal metastasis related to higher rate of distant metastasis in patients with N0 and N1 nasopharyngeal cancer. Head Neck. 31(4):468-74, 2009
- Umeda M et al: Metastasis to the lateral retropharyngeal lymph node from squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: report of three cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 38(9):1004-8, 2009
- Wang XS et al: Patterns of retropharyngeal node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 73(1):194-201, 2009
- Mao YP et al: The N staging system in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with radiation therapy oncology group guidelines for lymph node levels based on magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Cancer Res. 14(22):7497-503, 2008
- Tang L et al: Retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma detected by magnetic resonance imaging : prognostic value and staging categories. Cancer. 113(2):347-54, 2008
- Dirix P et al: Prognostic influence of retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 65(3):739-44, 2006
- Shimizu K et al: Distribution and impact of lymph node metastases in oropharyngeal cancer. Acta Otolaryngol. 126(8):872-7, 2006
- Gross ND et al: Impact of retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 130(2):169-73, 2004
- King AD et al: Neck node metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma: MR imaging of patterns of disease. Head Neck. 22(3):275-81, 2000
- Kimura Y et al: Lateral retropharyngeal node metastasis from carcinoma of the upper gingiva and maxillary sinus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 19(7):1221-4, 1998
- Lam WW et al: Retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck. 19(3):176-81, 1997
- McLaughlin MP et al: Retropharyngeal adenopathy as a predictor of outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Head Neck. 17(3):190-8, 1995
- Hasegawa Y et al: Retropharyngeal node dissection in cancer of the oropharynx and hypopharynx. Head Neck. 16(2):173-80, 1994
- Watarai J et al: CT of retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis from maxillary carcinoma. Acta Radiol. 34(5):492-5, 1993
