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Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Spinal Accessory Node
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Clinical Issues

          • Diagnostic Checklist

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Abbreviations

              • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
            • Definitions

              • Spinal accessory nodes, a.k.a. posterior triangle or posterior cervical space nodes
                • Level IIB deep to sternocleidomastoid muscles (SCMs), posterior to jugular vein
                  • Also known as submuscular recess
                • Levels VA & VB posterior to SCM

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • CT Findings

                • MR Findings

                  • Ultrasonographic Findings

                    • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                      • Imaging Recommendations

                        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                          PATHOLOGY

                          • General Features

                            • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                              CLINICAL ISSUES

                              • Presentation

                                • Demographics

                                  • Natural History & Prognosis

                                    • Treatment

                                      DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                      • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                        Selected References

                                        1. Freeman AM et al: Adenopathy. StatPearls, 2020
                                        2. Mayerhoefer ME et al: MRI and PET/MRI in hematologic malignancies. J Magn Reson Imaging. 51(5):1325-5, 2020
                                        3. Han F et al: Efficacy of ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy in cervical lymphadenopathy: A retrospective study of 6,695 cases. Eur Radiol. 28(5):1809-17, 2018
                                        4. Cunnane M et al: Level 5 lymphadenopathy warrants heightened suspicion for clinically significant pathology. Head Neck Pathol. 10(4):509-12, 2016
                                        5. Giacomini CP et al: Ultrasonographic evaluation of malignant and normal cervical lymph nodes. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 34(3):236-47, 2013
                                        6. Novoa E et al: Role of ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy in the assessment of head and neck lesions: a meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. Head Neck. 34(10):1497-503, 2012
                                        7. Cronin CG et al: Clinical utility of PET/CT in lymphoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(1):W91-103, 2010
                                        8. Huang PC et al: Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of cervical lymphadenopathy in patients with lymphoma: the clinical efficacy and factors associated with unsuccessful diagnosis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 36(9):1431-6, 2010
                                        9. Aiken AH et al: Imaging Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the head and neck. Radiol Clin North Am. 46(2):363-78, ix-x, 2008
                                        10. Podoloff DA et al: PET and PET/CT in management of the lymphomas. Radiol Clin North Am. 45(4):689-96, vii, 2007
                                        11. Sakai O et al: Lymph node pathology. Benign proliferative, lymphoma, and metastatic disease. Radiol Clin North Am. 38(5):979-98, x, 2000
                                        12. Som PM et al: Imaging-based nodal classification for evaluation of neck metastatic adenopathy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 174(3):837-44, 2000
                                        13. van den Brekel MW et al: Cervical lymph node metastasis: assessment of radiologic criteria. Radiology. 177(2):379-84, 1990
                                        Related Anatomy
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                                        Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                        References
                                        Tables

                                        Tables

                                        KEY FACTS

                                        • Terminology

                                          • Imaging

                                            • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                              • Clinical Issues

                                                • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                  TERMINOLOGY

                                                  • Abbreviations

                                                    • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
                                                  • Definitions

                                                    • Spinal accessory nodes, a.k.a. posterior triangle or posterior cervical space nodes
                                                      • Level IIB deep to sternocleidomastoid muscles (SCMs), posterior to jugular vein
                                                        • Also known as submuscular recess
                                                      • Levels VA & VB posterior to SCM

                                                  IMAGING

                                                  • General Features

                                                    • CT Findings

                                                      • MR Findings

                                                        • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                          • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                            • Imaging Recommendations

                                                              DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                PATHOLOGY

                                                                • General Features

                                                                  • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                    • Presentation

                                                                      • Demographics

                                                                        • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                          • Treatment

                                                                            DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                            • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                              Selected References

                                                                              1. Freeman AM et al: Adenopathy. StatPearls, 2020
                                                                              2. Mayerhoefer ME et al: MRI and PET/MRI in hematologic malignancies. J Magn Reson Imaging. 51(5):1325-5, 2020
                                                                              3. Han F et al: Efficacy of ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy in cervical lymphadenopathy: A retrospective study of 6,695 cases. Eur Radiol. 28(5):1809-17, 2018
                                                                              4. Cunnane M et al: Level 5 lymphadenopathy warrants heightened suspicion for clinically significant pathology. Head Neck Pathol. 10(4):509-12, 2016
                                                                              5. Giacomini CP et al: Ultrasonographic evaluation of malignant and normal cervical lymph nodes. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 34(3):236-47, 2013
                                                                              6. Novoa E et al: Role of ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy in the assessment of head and neck lesions: a meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. Head Neck. 34(10):1497-503, 2012
                                                                              7. Cronin CG et al: Clinical utility of PET/CT in lymphoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(1):W91-103, 2010
                                                                              8. Huang PC et al: Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of cervical lymphadenopathy in patients with lymphoma: the clinical efficacy and factors associated with unsuccessful diagnosis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 36(9):1431-6, 2010
                                                                              9. Aiken AH et al: Imaging Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the head and neck. Radiol Clin North Am. 46(2):363-78, ix-x, 2008
                                                                              10. Podoloff DA et al: PET and PET/CT in management of the lymphomas. Radiol Clin North Am. 45(4):689-96, vii, 2007
                                                                              11. Sakai O et al: Lymph node pathology. Benign proliferative, lymphoma, and metastatic disease. Radiol Clin North Am. 38(5):979-98, x, 2000
                                                                              12. Som PM et al: Imaging-based nodal classification for evaluation of neck metastatic adenopathy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 174(3):837-44, 2000
                                                                              13. van den Brekel MW et al: Cervical lymph node metastasis: assessment of radiologic criteria. Radiology. 177(2):379-84, 1990