Spinal accessory nodes, a.k.a. posterior triangle or posterior cervical space nodes
Level IIB deep to sternocleidomastoid muscles (SCMs), posterior to jugular vein
Also known as submuscular recess
Levels VA & VB posterior to SCM
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Freeman AM et al: Adenopathy. StatPearls, 2020
Mayerhoefer ME et al: MRI and PET/MRI in hematologic malignancies. J Magn Reson Imaging. 51(5):1325-5, 2020
Han F et al: Efficacy of ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy in cervical lymphadenopathy: A retrospective study of 6,695 cases. Eur Radiol. 28(5):1809-17, 2018
Cunnane M et al: Level 5 lymphadenopathy warrants heightened suspicion for clinically significant pathology. Head Neck Pathol. 10(4):509-12, 2016
Giacomini CP et al: Ultrasonographic evaluation of malignant and normal cervical lymph nodes. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 34(3):236-47, 2013
Novoa E et al: Role of ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy in the assessment of head and neck lesions: a meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. Head Neck. 34(10):1497-503, 2012
Cronin CG et al: Clinical utility of PET/CT in lymphoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(1):W91-103, 2010
Huang PC et al: Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of cervical lymphadenopathy in patients with lymphoma: the clinical efficacy and factors associated with unsuccessful diagnosis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 36(9):1431-6, 2010
Aiken AH et al: Imaging Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the head and neck. Radiol Clin North Am. 46(2):363-78, ix-x, 2008
Podoloff DA et al: PET and PET/CT in management of the lymphomas. Radiol Clin North Am. 45(4):689-96, vii, 2007
Sakai O et al: Lymph node pathology. Benign proliferative, lymphoma, and metastatic disease. Radiol Clin North Am. 38(5):979-98, x, 2000
Som PM et al: Imaging-based nodal classification for evaluation of neck metastatic adenopathy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 174(3):837-44, 2000
van den Brekel MW et al: Cervical lymph node metastasis: assessment of radiologic criteria. Radiology. 177(2):379-84, 1990
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
Definitions
Spinal accessory nodes, a.k.a. posterior triangle or posterior cervical space nodes
Level IIB deep to sternocleidomastoid muscles (SCMs), posterior to jugular vein
Also known as submuscular recess
Levels VA & VB posterior to SCM
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Freeman AM et al: Adenopathy. StatPearls, 2020
Mayerhoefer ME et al: MRI and PET/MRI in hematologic malignancies. J Magn Reson Imaging. 51(5):1325-5, 2020
Han F et al: Efficacy of ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy in cervical lymphadenopathy: A retrospective study of 6,695 cases. Eur Radiol. 28(5):1809-17, 2018
Cunnane M et al: Level 5 lymphadenopathy warrants heightened suspicion for clinically significant pathology. Head Neck Pathol. 10(4):509-12, 2016
Giacomini CP et al: Ultrasonographic evaluation of malignant and normal cervical lymph nodes. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 34(3):236-47, 2013
Novoa E et al: Role of ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy in the assessment of head and neck lesions: a meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. Head Neck. 34(10):1497-503, 2012
Cronin CG et al: Clinical utility of PET/CT in lymphoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(1):W91-103, 2010
Huang PC et al: Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of cervical lymphadenopathy in patients with lymphoma: the clinical efficacy and factors associated with unsuccessful diagnosis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 36(9):1431-6, 2010
Aiken AH et al: Imaging Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the head and neck. Radiol Clin North Am. 46(2):363-78, ix-x, 2008
Podoloff DA et al: PET and PET/CT in management of the lymphomas. Radiol Clin North Am. 45(4):689-96, vii, 2007
Sakai O et al: Lymph node pathology. Benign proliferative, lymphoma, and metastatic disease. Radiol Clin North Am. 38(5):979-98, x, 2000
Som PM et al: Imaging-based nodal classification for evaluation of neck metastatic adenopathy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 174(3):837-44, 2000
van den Brekel MW et al: Cervical lymph node metastasis: assessment of radiologic criteria. Radiology. 177(2):379-84, 1990
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