Aiken AH et al: Approach to masses in head and neck spaces. In 2020 in Diseases of the Brain, Head and Neck, Spine: Diagnostic Imaging. Hodler J et al. Springer; 2020–3, 2020
Harries V et al: Management of retropharyngeal lymph node metastases in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 30(5):688-95, 2020
Mnatsakanian A et al: Anatomy, head and neck, retropharyngeal space. StatPearls, 2020
So TY et al: Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging for discrimination of benign and malignant retropharyngeal nodes. Neuroradiology. 62(12):1667-76, 2020
Batchala PP et al: Retropharyngeal ectopic parathyroid adenoma versus lymph node: problem solving with CT neck angiogram. J Postgrad Med. 65(4):237-40, 2019
Fard N et al: CT- and ultrasound-characteristics of hepatic lesions in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. A retrospective image review of 25 cases. PLoS One. 14(2):e0212865, 2019
Gan Q et al: Cytologic evaluation of positron emission tomography-computed tomography-positive lymph nodes sampled by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration: experience at a large cancer center. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 143(10):1265-70, 2019
Kushchayev SV et al: Medullary thyroid carcinoma: an update on imaging. J Thyroid Res. 2019:1893047, 2019
Morsing A et al: Hybrid PET/MRI in major cancers: a scoping review. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 46(10):2138-51, 2019
Vu TH et al: Diagnostic accuracy and scope of intraoperative transoral ultrasound and transoral ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of retropharyngeal masses. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 40(11):1960-4, 2019
Ahmed S et al: Imaging of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 39(3):547-51, 2017
Hartl DM et al: Management of retropharyngeal node metastases from thyroid carcinoma. World J Surg. 39(5):1274-81, 2015
Li H et al: Diffusion-weighted imaging to differentiate metastatic from non-metastatic retropharyngeal lymph nodes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 44(3):20140126, 2015
Kato H et al: Metastatic retropharyngeal lymph nodes: comparison of CT and MR imaging for diagnostic accuracy. Eur J Radiol. 83(7):1157-62, 2014
Saindane AM: Pitfalls in the staging of cancer of thyroid. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 23(1):123-45, 2013
Kainuma K et al: The first report of bilateral retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma and review of the literature. Acta Otolaryngol. 131(12):1341-8, 2011
Kaplan SL et al: The role of MR imaging in detecting nodal disease in thyroidectomy patients with rising thyroglobulin levels. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(3):608-12, 2009
Haas V et al: Unusual manifestation of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 51(4):233-6, 2008
Zollinger LV et al: Retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis from esthesioneuroblastoma: a review of the therapeutic and prognostic implications. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 29(8):1561-3, 2008
Liu T et al: FDG-PET, CT, MRI for diagnosis of local residual or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which one is the best? A systematic review. Radiother Oncol. 85(3):327-35, 2007
McMenamin DS et al: T1 hyperintense vertebral column melanoma metastases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 28(9):1817-8, 2007
Otsuki N et al: Retropharyngeal node metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma. Head Neck. 29(5):508-11, 2007
Shellenberger T et al: Transoral resection of thyroid cancer metastasis to lateral retropharyngeal nodes. Head Neck. 29(3):258-66, 2007
Tang LL et al: [The values of MRI, CT, and PET-CT in detecting retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.] Ai Zheng. 26(7):737-41, 2007
Kim HJ et al: Retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis from olfactory neuroblastoma: a report of two cases. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 263(8):778-82, 2006
Fernández JM et al: Preliminary study of the lymphatic drainage system of the nose and paranasal sinuses and its role in detection of sentinel metastatic nodes. Acta Otolaryngol. 125(5):566-70, 2005
Morrissey DD et al: Accuracy of computed tomography in determining the presence or absence of metastatic retropharyngeal adenopathy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 126(12):1478-81, 2000
Wagner JD et al: Metastatic melanoma to retropharyngeal lymph nodes causing pharyngeal obstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 40(1):84-7, 1998
Premkumar A et al: Metastatic melanoma: correlation of MRI characteristics and histopathology. J Magn Reson Imaging. 6(1):190-4, 1996
Robbins KT et al: Thyroid carcinoma presenting as a parapharyngeal mass. Head Neck Surg. 7(5):434-6, 1985
Mancuso AA et al: Computed tomography of cervical and retropharyngeal lymph nodes: normal anatomy, variants of normal, and applications in staging head and neck cancer. Part II: pathology. Radiology. 148(3):715-23, 1983
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TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Non-squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa) metastatic nodes in retropharyngeal space (RPS)
Aiken AH et al: Approach to masses in head and neck spaces. In 2020 in Diseases of the Brain, Head and Neck, Spine: Diagnostic Imaging. Hodler J et al. Springer; 2020–3, 2020
Harries V et al: Management of retropharyngeal lymph node metastases in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 30(5):688-95, 2020
Mnatsakanian A et al: Anatomy, head and neck, retropharyngeal space. StatPearls, 2020
So TY et al: Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging for discrimination of benign and malignant retropharyngeal nodes. Neuroradiology. 62(12):1667-76, 2020
Batchala PP et al: Retropharyngeal ectopic parathyroid adenoma versus lymph node: problem solving with CT neck angiogram. J Postgrad Med. 65(4):237-40, 2019
Fard N et al: CT- and ultrasound-characteristics of hepatic lesions in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. A retrospective image review of 25 cases. PLoS One. 14(2):e0212865, 2019
Gan Q et al: Cytologic evaluation of positron emission tomography-computed tomography-positive lymph nodes sampled by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration: experience at a large cancer center. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 143(10):1265-70, 2019
Kushchayev SV et al: Medullary thyroid carcinoma: an update on imaging. J Thyroid Res. 2019:1893047, 2019
Morsing A et al: Hybrid PET/MRI in major cancers: a scoping review. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 46(10):2138-51, 2019
Vu TH et al: Diagnostic accuracy and scope of intraoperative transoral ultrasound and transoral ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of retropharyngeal masses. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 40(11):1960-4, 2019
Ahmed S et al: Imaging of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 39(3):547-51, 2017
Hartl DM et al: Management of retropharyngeal node metastases from thyroid carcinoma. World J Surg. 39(5):1274-81, 2015
Li H et al: Diffusion-weighted imaging to differentiate metastatic from non-metastatic retropharyngeal lymph nodes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 44(3):20140126, 2015
Kato H et al: Metastatic retropharyngeal lymph nodes: comparison of CT and MR imaging for diagnostic accuracy. Eur J Radiol. 83(7):1157-62, 2014
Saindane AM: Pitfalls in the staging of cancer of thyroid. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 23(1):123-45, 2013
Kainuma K et al: The first report of bilateral retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma and review of the literature. Acta Otolaryngol. 131(12):1341-8, 2011
Kaplan SL et al: The role of MR imaging in detecting nodal disease in thyroidectomy patients with rising thyroglobulin levels. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(3):608-12, 2009
Haas V et al: Unusual manifestation of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 51(4):233-6, 2008
Zollinger LV et al: Retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis from esthesioneuroblastoma: a review of the therapeutic and prognostic implications. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 29(8):1561-3, 2008
Liu T et al: FDG-PET, CT, MRI for diagnosis of local residual or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which one is the best? A systematic review. Radiother Oncol. 85(3):327-35, 2007
McMenamin DS et al: T1 hyperintense vertebral column melanoma metastases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 28(9):1817-8, 2007
Otsuki N et al: Retropharyngeal node metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma. Head Neck. 29(5):508-11, 2007
Shellenberger T et al: Transoral resection of thyroid cancer metastasis to lateral retropharyngeal nodes. Head Neck. 29(3):258-66, 2007
Tang LL et al: [The values of MRI, CT, and PET-CT in detecting retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.] Ai Zheng. 26(7):737-41, 2007
Kim HJ et al: Retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis from olfactory neuroblastoma: a report of two cases. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 263(8):778-82, 2006
Fernández JM et al: Preliminary study of the lymphatic drainage system of the nose and paranasal sinuses and its role in detection of sentinel metastatic nodes. Acta Otolaryngol. 125(5):566-70, 2005
Morrissey DD et al: Accuracy of computed tomography in determining the presence or absence of metastatic retropharyngeal adenopathy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 126(12):1478-81, 2000
Wagner JD et al: Metastatic melanoma to retropharyngeal lymph nodes causing pharyngeal obstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 40(1):84-7, 1998
Premkumar A et al: Metastatic melanoma: correlation of MRI characteristics and histopathology. J Magn Reson Imaging. 6(1):190-4, 1996
Robbins KT et al: Thyroid carcinoma presenting as a parapharyngeal mass. Head Neck Surg. 7(5):434-6, 1985
Mancuso AA et al: Computed tomography of cervical and retropharyngeal lymph nodes: normal anatomy, variants of normal, and applications in staging head and neck cancer. Part II: pathology. Radiology. 148(3):715-23, 1983
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