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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)
Synonyms
- Idiopathic adult hydrocephalus syndrome
Definitions
- Ventriculomegaly with normal CSF pressure, altered CSF dynamics
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Capone PM et al: Neuroimaging of normal pressure hydrocephalus and hydrocephalus. Neurol Clin. 38(1):171-83, 2020
- Reeves BC et al: Glymphatic system impairment in Alzheimer's disease and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Trends Mol Med. ePub, 2020
- Graff-Radford NR et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 25(1):165-86, 2019
- Isaacs AM et al: Current update on treatment strategies for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 21(12):65, 2019
- Liew BS et al: Current updates on idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Asian J Neurosurg. 14(3):648-56, 2019
- Skalický P et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus-an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms and diagnostic procedures. Neurosurg Rev. ePub, 2019
- Bradley WG Jr: CSF Flow in the brain in the context of normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(5):831-8, 2015
- Hoza D et al: DTI-MRI biomarkers in the search for normal pressure hydrocephalus aetiology: a review. Neurosurg Rev. 38(2):239-44; discussion 244, 2015
- Ringstad G et al: Aqueductal stroke volume: comparisons with intracranial pressure scores in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(9):1623-30, 2015
- Chotai S et al: External lumbar drain: a pragmatic test for prediction of shunt outcomes in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Surg Neurol Int. 5:12, 2014
- Reddy GK et al: Long-term outcomes of ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery in patients with hydrocephalus. World Neurosurg. 81(2):404-10, 2014
- Torsnes L et al: Treatment and clinical outcome in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus--a systematic review. Dan Med J. 61(10):A4911, 2014
- Virhammar J et al: Preoperative prognostic value of MRI findings in 108 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 35(12):2311-8, 2014
- Williams MA et al: Diagnosis and management of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurol Clin Pract. 3(5):375-85, 2013
- Kim MJ et al: Differential diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus from other dementias using diffusion tensor imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 32(8):1496-503, 2011
- Linninger AA et al: Normal and hydrocephalic brain dynamics: the role of reduced cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption in ventricular enlargement. Ann Biomed Eng. 37(7):1434-47, 2009
- Scollato A et al: Changes in aqueductal CSF stroke volume in shunted patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(8):1580-6, 2009
- Woodworth GF et al: Cerebrospinal fluid drainage and dynamics in the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 64(5):919-25; discussion 925-6, 2009
- Shprecher D et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus: diagnosis and treatment. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 8(5):371-6, 2008
- Owler BK et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus and cerebral blood flow: a PET study of baseline values. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 24(1):17-23, 2004
- Czosnyka M et al: Age dependence of cerebrospinal pressure-volume compensation in patients with hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg. 94(3):482-6, 2001
- Kizu O et al: Proton chemical shift imaging in normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(9):1659-64, 2001
- Tullberg M et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus: vascular white matter changes on MR images must not exclude patients from shunt surgery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(9):1665-73, 2001
- Parkkola RK et al: Cerebrospinal fluid flow in patients with dilated ventricles studied with MR imaging. Eur Radiol. 10(9):1442-6, 2000
- Bech RA et al: Frontal brain and leptomeningeal biopsy specimens correlated with cerebrospinal fluid outflow resistance and B-wave activity in patients suspected of normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 40(3):497-502, 1997
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References
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Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)
Synonyms
- Idiopathic adult hydrocephalus syndrome
Definitions
- Ventriculomegaly with normal CSF pressure, altered CSF dynamics
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Capone PM et al: Neuroimaging of normal pressure hydrocephalus and hydrocephalus. Neurol Clin. 38(1):171-83, 2020
- Reeves BC et al: Glymphatic system impairment in Alzheimer's disease and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Trends Mol Med. ePub, 2020
- Graff-Radford NR et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 25(1):165-86, 2019
- Isaacs AM et al: Current update on treatment strategies for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 21(12):65, 2019
- Liew BS et al: Current updates on idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Asian J Neurosurg. 14(3):648-56, 2019
- Skalický P et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus-an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms and diagnostic procedures. Neurosurg Rev. ePub, 2019
- Bradley WG Jr: CSF Flow in the brain in the context of normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(5):831-8, 2015
- Hoza D et al: DTI-MRI biomarkers in the search for normal pressure hydrocephalus aetiology: a review. Neurosurg Rev. 38(2):239-44; discussion 244, 2015
- Ringstad G et al: Aqueductal stroke volume: comparisons with intracranial pressure scores in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(9):1623-30, 2015
- Chotai S et al: External lumbar drain: a pragmatic test for prediction of shunt outcomes in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Surg Neurol Int. 5:12, 2014
- Reddy GK et al: Long-term outcomes of ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery in patients with hydrocephalus. World Neurosurg. 81(2):404-10, 2014
- Torsnes L et al: Treatment and clinical outcome in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus--a systematic review. Dan Med J. 61(10):A4911, 2014
- Virhammar J et al: Preoperative prognostic value of MRI findings in 108 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 35(12):2311-8, 2014
- Williams MA et al: Diagnosis and management of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurol Clin Pract. 3(5):375-85, 2013
- Kim MJ et al: Differential diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus from other dementias using diffusion tensor imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 32(8):1496-503, 2011
- Linninger AA et al: Normal and hydrocephalic brain dynamics: the role of reduced cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption in ventricular enlargement. Ann Biomed Eng. 37(7):1434-47, 2009
- Scollato A et al: Changes in aqueductal CSF stroke volume in shunted patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(8):1580-6, 2009
- Woodworth GF et al: Cerebrospinal fluid drainage and dynamics in the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 64(5):919-25; discussion 925-6, 2009
- Shprecher D et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus: diagnosis and treatment. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 8(5):371-6, 2008
- Owler BK et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus and cerebral blood flow: a PET study of baseline values. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 24(1):17-23, 2004
- Czosnyka M et al: Age dependence of cerebrospinal pressure-volume compensation in patients with hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg. 94(3):482-6, 2001
- Kizu O et al: Proton chemical shift imaging in normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(9):1659-64, 2001
- Tullberg M et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus: vascular white matter changes on MR images must not exclude patients from shunt surgery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(9):1665-73, 2001
- Parkkola RK et al: Cerebrospinal fluid flow in patients with dilated ventricles studied with MR imaging. Eur Radiol. 10(9):1442-6, 2000
- Bech RA et al: Frontal brain and leptomeningeal biopsy specimens correlated with cerebrospinal fluid outflow resistance and B-wave activity in patients suspected of normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 40(3):497-502, 1997
