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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)
Synonyms
Idiopathic adult hydrocephalus syndrome
Definitions
Ventriculomegaly with normal CSF pressure, altered CSF dynamics
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Capone PM et al: Neuroimaging of normal pressure hydrocephalus and hydrocephalus. Neurol Clin. 38(1):171-83, 2020
Reeves BC et al: Glymphatic system impairment in Alzheimer's disease and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Trends Mol Med. ePub, 2020
Graff-Radford NR et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 25(1):165-86, 2019
Isaacs AM et al: Current update on treatment strategies for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 21(12):65, 2019
Liew BS et al: Current updates on idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Asian J Neurosurg. 14(3):648-56, 2019
Skalický P et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus-an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms and diagnostic procedures. Neurosurg Rev. ePub, 2019
Bradley WG Jr: CSF Flow in the brain in the context of normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(5):831-8, 2015
Hoza D et al: DTI-MRI biomarkers in the search for normal pressure hydrocephalus aetiology: a review. Neurosurg Rev. 38(2):239-44; discussion 244, 2015
Ringstad G et al: Aqueductal stroke volume: comparisons with intracranial pressure scores in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(9):1623-30, 2015
Chotai S et al: External lumbar drain: a pragmatic test for prediction of shunt outcomes in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Surg Neurol Int. 5:12, 2014
Reddy GK et al: Long-term outcomes of ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery in patients with hydrocephalus. World Neurosurg. 81(2):404-10, 2014
Torsnes L et al: Treatment and clinical outcome in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus--a systematic review. Dan Med J. 61(10):A4911, 2014
Virhammar J et al: Preoperative prognostic value of MRI findings in 108 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 35(12):2311-8, 2014
Williams MA et al: Diagnosis and management of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurol Clin Pract. 3(5):375-85, 2013
Kim MJ et al: Differential diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus from other dementias using diffusion tensor imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 32(8):1496-503, 2011
Linninger AA et al: Normal and hydrocephalic brain dynamics: the role of reduced cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption in ventricular enlargement. Ann Biomed Eng. 37(7):1434-47, 2009
Scollato A et al: Changes in aqueductal CSF stroke volume in shunted patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(8):1580-6, 2009
Woodworth GF et al: Cerebrospinal fluid drainage and dynamics in the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 64(5):919-25; discussion 925-6, 2009
Shprecher D et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus: diagnosis and treatment. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 8(5):371-6, 2008
Owler BK et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus and cerebral blood flow: a PET study of baseline values. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 24(1):17-23, 2004
Czosnyka M et al: Age dependence of cerebrospinal pressure-volume compensation in patients with hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg. 94(3):482-6, 2001
Kizu O et al: Proton chemical shift imaging in normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(9):1659-64, 2001
Tullberg M et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus: vascular white matter changes on MR images must not exclude patients from shunt surgery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(9):1665-73, 2001
Parkkola RK et al: Cerebrospinal fluid flow in patients with dilated ventricles studied with MR imaging. Eur Radiol. 10(9):1442-6, 2000
Bech RA et al: Frontal brain and leptomeningeal biopsy specimens correlated with cerebrospinal fluid outflow resistance and B-wave activity in patients suspected of normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 40(3):497-502, 1997
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)
Synonyms
Idiopathic adult hydrocephalus syndrome
Definitions
Ventriculomegaly with normal CSF pressure, altered CSF dynamics
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Capone PM et al: Neuroimaging of normal pressure hydrocephalus and hydrocephalus. Neurol Clin. 38(1):171-83, 2020
Reeves BC et al: Glymphatic system impairment in Alzheimer's disease and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Trends Mol Med. ePub, 2020
Graff-Radford NR et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 25(1):165-86, 2019
Isaacs AM et al: Current update on treatment strategies for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 21(12):65, 2019
Liew BS et al: Current updates on idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Asian J Neurosurg. 14(3):648-56, 2019
Skalický P et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus-an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms and diagnostic procedures. Neurosurg Rev. ePub, 2019
Bradley WG Jr: CSF Flow in the brain in the context of normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(5):831-8, 2015
Hoza D et al: DTI-MRI biomarkers in the search for normal pressure hydrocephalus aetiology: a review. Neurosurg Rev. 38(2):239-44; discussion 244, 2015
Ringstad G et al: Aqueductal stroke volume: comparisons with intracranial pressure scores in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(9):1623-30, 2015
Chotai S et al: External lumbar drain: a pragmatic test for prediction of shunt outcomes in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Surg Neurol Int. 5:12, 2014
Reddy GK et al: Long-term outcomes of ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery in patients with hydrocephalus. World Neurosurg. 81(2):404-10, 2014
Torsnes L et al: Treatment and clinical outcome in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus--a systematic review. Dan Med J. 61(10):A4911, 2014
Virhammar J et al: Preoperative prognostic value of MRI findings in 108 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 35(12):2311-8, 2014
Williams MA et al: Diagnosis and management of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurol Clin Pract. 3(5):375-85, 2013
Kim MJ et al: Differential diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus from other dementias using diffusion tensor imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 32(8):1496-503, 2011
Linninger AA et al: Normal and hydrocephalic brain dynamics: the role of reduced cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption in ventricular enlargement. Ann Biomed Eng. 37(7):1434-47, 2009
Scollato A et al: Changes in aqueductal CSF stroke volume in shunted patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(8):1580-6, 2009
Woodworth GF et al: Cerebrospinal fluid drainage and dynamics in the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 64(5):919-25; discussion 925-6, 2009
Shprecher D et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus: diagnosis and treatment. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 8(5):371-6, 2008
Owler BK et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus and cerebral blood flow: a PET study of baseline values. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 24(1):17-23, 2004
Czosnyka M et al: Age dependence of cerebrospinal pressure-volume compensation in patients with hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg. 94(3):482-6, 2001
Kizu O et al: Proton chemical shift imaging in normal pressure hydrocephalus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(9):1659-64, 2001
Tullberg M et al: Normal pressure hydrocephalus: vascular white matter changes on MR images must not exclude patients from shunt surgery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(9):1665-73, 2001
Parkkola RK et al: Cerebrospinal fluid flow in patients with dilated ventricles studied with MR imaging. Eur Radiol. 10(9):1442-6, 2000
Bech RA et al: Frontal brain and leptomeningeal biopsy specimens correlated with cerebrospinal fluid outflow resistance and B-wave activity in patients suspected of normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 40(3):497-502, 1997
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