Carvalho AD et al: Odontoid fractures: a critical review of current management and future directions. Clin Spine Surg. 32(8):313-23, 2019
Iyer S et al: Management of odontoid fractures in the elderly: a review of the literature and an evidence-based treatment algorithm. Neurosurgery. 82(4):419-30, 2018
Hadley MN et al: Introduction to the guidelines for the management of acute cervical spine and spinal cord injuries. Neurosurgery. 72 Suppl 2:5-16, 2013
Ryken TC et al: Management of isolated fractures of the axis in adults. Neurosurgery. 72 Suppl 2:132-50, 2013
Munera F et al: Imaging evaluation of adult spinal injuries: emphasis on multidetector CT in cervical spine trauma. Radiology. 263(3):645-60, 2012
Bono CM et al: Measurement techniques for upper cervical spine injuries: consensus statement of the Spine Trauma Study Group. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 32(5):593-600, 2007
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
ESSENTIAL INFORMATION
Key Differential Diagnosis Issues
Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses
Helpful Clues for Less Common Diagnoses
Selected References
Carvalho AD et al: Odontoid fractures: a critical review of current management and future directions. Clin Spine Surg. 32(8):313-23, 2019
Iyer S et al: Management of odontoid fractures in the elderly: a review of the literature and an evidence-based treatment algorithm. Neurosurgery. 82(4):419-30, 2018
Hadley MN et al: Introduction to the guidelines for the management of acute cervical spine and spinal cord injuries. Neurosurgery. 72 Suppl 2:5-16, 2013
Ryken TC et al: Management of isolated fractures of the axis in adults. Neurosurgery. 72 Suppl 2:132-50, 2013
Munera F et al: Imaging evaluation of adult spinal injuries: emphasis on multidetector CT in cervical spine trauma. Radiology. 263(3):645-60, 2012
Bono CM et al: Measurement techniques for upper cervical spine injuries: consensus statement of the Spine Trauma Study Group. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 32(5):593-600, 2007
Essential Information
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