Symptomatic gastrointestinal (GI) infection of immunocompromised host by organisms that usually cause no or minor illness in immunocompetent individuals
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Sahn B et al: Features of intestinal disease associated with COVID-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 72(3):384-7, 2021
Amann SO et al: Common variable immunodeficiency enteropathy with chronic giardiasis. Mayo Clin Proc. 95(6):1293-4, 2020
Duffin C et al: Radiologic imaging of bowel infections. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 41(1):33-45, 2020
El Moheb M et al: Gastrointestinal complications in critically ill patients with and without COVID-19. JAMA. 324(18):1899-901, 2020
Ignat M et al: Small bowel ischemia and SARS-CoV-2 infection: an underdiagnosed distinct clinical entity. Surgery. 168(1):14-6, 2020
Kaafarani HMA et al: Gastrointestinal complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Ann Surg. 272(2):e61-2, 2020
Wang C et al: Multifocal tuberculosis simulating a cancer-a case report. BMC Infect Dis. 20(1):495, 2020
da Rocha EL et al: Abdominal tuberculosis: a radiological review with emphasis on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Radiol Bras. 48(3):181-91, 2015
Dave M et al: Opportunistic infections due to inflammatory bowel disease therapy. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 20(1):196-212, 2014
Pariente B et al: Review article: why, when and how to de-escalate therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 40(4):338-53, 2014
Curkovic I et al: Risks of inflammatory bowel disease treatment with glucocorticosteroids and aminosalicylates. Dig Dis. 31(3-4):368-73, 2013
Florescu DF et al: Opportunistic viral infections in intestinal transplantation. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 11(4):367-81, 2013
Tonolini M et al: Acute HIV-related gastrointestinal disorders and complications in the antiretroviral era: spectrum of cross-sectional imaging findings. Abdom Imaging. 38(5):994-1004, 2013
Werneck-Silva AL et al: Gastroduodenal opportunistic infections and dyspepsia in HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 24(1):135-9, 2009
Hampton DD et al: Inflammatory bowel disease following solid organ transplantation. Clin Immunol. 128(3):287-93, 2008
Ishida T et al: The management of gastrointestinal infections caused by cytomegalovirus. J Gastroenterol. 38(7):712-3, 2003
Koh DM et al: Abdominal computed tomographic findings of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection in HIV seropositive patients. Can Assoc Radiol J. 54(1):45-50, 2003
Streetz KL et al: Acute CMV-colitis in a patient with a history of ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 38(1):119-22, 2003
Brantsaeter AB et al: CMV disease in AIDS patients: incidence of CMV disease and relation to survival in a population-based study from Oslo. Scand J Infect Dis. 34(1):50-5, 2002
Hunter PR et al: Epidemiology and clinical features of Cryptosporidium infection in immunocompromised patients. Clin Microbiol Rev. 15(1):145-54, 2002
Masur H et al: Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among HIV-infected persons--2002. Recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Ann Intern Med. 137(5 Pt 2):435-78, 2002
Oldfield EC 3rd: Evaluation of chronic diarrhea in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Rev Gastroenterol Disord. 2(4):176-88, 2002
Ukarapol N et al: Cytomegalovirus-associated manifestations involving the digestive tract in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 35(5):669-73, 2002
von Reyn CF et al: Sources of disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in AIDS. J Infect. 44(3):166-70, 2002
Huh JJ et al: Mycobacterium avium complex peritonitis in an AIDS patient. Scand J Infect Dis. 33(12):936-8, 2001
Pollok RC: Viruses causing diarrhoea in AIDS. Novartis Found Symp. 238:276-83; discussion 283-8, 2001
Chamberlain RS et al: Ileal perforation caused by cytomegalovirus infection in a critically ill adult. J Clin Gastroenterol. 30(4):432-5, 2000
Clemente CM et al: Gastric cryptosporidiosis as a clue for the diagnosis of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arq Gastroenterol. 37(3):180-2, 2000
Wallace MR et al: Gastrointestinal manifestations of HIV infection. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2(4):283-93, 2000
Drew WL et al: Cytomegalovirus: disease syndromes and treatment. Curr Clin Top Infect Dis. 19:16-29, 1999
Lumadue JA et al: A clinicopathologic analysis of AIDS-related cryptosporidiosis. AIDS. 12(18):2459-66, 1998
Manabe YC et al: Cryptosporidiosis in patients with AIDS: correlates of disease and survival. Clin Infect Dis. 27(3):536-42, 1998
Rossi P et al: Gastric involvement in AIDS associated cryptosporidiosis. Gut. 43(4):476-7, 1998
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
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TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Symptomatic gastrointestinal (GI) infection of immunocompromised host by organisms that usually cause no or minor illness in immunocompetent individuals
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Sahn B et al: Features of intestinal disease associated with COVID-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 72(3):384-7, 2021
Amann SO et al: Common variable immunodeficiency enteropathy with chronic giardiasis. Mayo Clin Proc. 95(6):1293-4, 2020
Duffin C et al: Radiologic imaging of bowel infections. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 41(1):33-45, 2020
El Moheb M et al: Gastrointestinal complications in critically ill patients with and without COVID-19. JAMA. 324(18):1899-901, 2020
Ignat M et al: Small bowel ischemia and SARS-CoV-2 infection: an underdiagnosed distinct clinical entity. Surgery. 168(1):14-6, 2020
Kaafarani HMA et al: Gastrointestinal complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Ann Surg. 272(2):e61-2, 2020
Wang C et al: Multifocal tuberculosis simulating a cancer-a case report. BMC Infect Dis. 20(1):495, 2020
da Rocha EL et al: Abdominal tuberculosis: a radiological review with emphasis on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Radiol Bras. 48(3):181-91, 2015
Dave M et al: Opportunistic infections due to inflammatory bowel disease therapy. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 20(1):196-212, 2014
Pariente B et al: Review article: why, when and how to de-escalate therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 40(4):338-53, 2014
Curkovic I et al: Risks of inflammatory bowel disease treatment with glucocorticosteroids and aminosalicylates. Dig Dis. 31(3-4):368-73, 2013
Florescu DF et al: Opportunistic viral infections in intestinal transplantation. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 11(4):367-81, 2013
Tonolini M et al: Acute HIV-related gastrointestinal disorders and complications in the antiretroviral era: spectrum of cross-sectional imaging findings. Abdom Imaging. 38(5):994-1004, 2013
Werneck-Silva AL et al: Gastroduodenal opportunistic infections and dyspepsia in HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 24(1):135-9, 2009
Hampton DD et al: Inflammatory bowel disease following solid organ transplantation. Clin Immunol. 128(3):287-93, 2008
Ishida T et al: The management of gastrointestinal infections caused by cytomegalovirus. J Gastroenterol. 38(7):712-3, 2003
Koh DM et al: Abdominal computed tomographic findings of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection in HIV seropositive patients. Can Assoc Radiol J. 54(1):45-50, 2003
Streetz KL et al: Acute CMV-colitis in a patient with a history of ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 38(1):119-22, 2003
Brantsaeter AB et al: CMV disease in AIDS patients: incidence of CMV disease and relation to survival in a population-based study from Oslo. Scand J Infect Dis. 34(1):50-5, 2002
Hunter PR et al: Epidemiology and clinical features of Cryptosporidium infection in immunocompromised patients. Clin Microbiol Rev. 15(1):145-54, 2002
Masur H et al: Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among HIV-infected persons--2002. Recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Ann Intern Med. 137(5 Pt 2):435-78, 2002
Oldfield EC 3rd: Evaluation of chronic diarrhea in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Rev Gastroenterol Disord. 2(4):176-88, 2002
Ukarapol N et al: Cytomegalovirus-associated manifestations involving the digestive tract in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 35(5):669-73, 2002
von Reyn CF et al: Sources of disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in AIDS. J Infect. 44(3):166-70, 2002
Huh JJ et al: Mycobacterium avium complex peritonitis in an AIDS patient. Scand J Infect Dis. 33(12):936-8, 2001
Pollok RC: Viruses causing diarrhoea in AIDS. Novartis Found Symp. 238:276-83; discussion 283-8, 2001
Chamberlain RS et al: Ileal perforation caused by cytomegalovirus infection in a critically ill adult. J Clin Gastroenterol. 30(4):432-5, 2000
Clemente CM et al: Gastric cryptosporidiosis as a clue for the diagnosis of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arq Gastroenterol. 37(3):180-2, 2000
Wallace MR et al: Gastrointestinal manifestations of HIV infection. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2(4):283-93, 2000
Drew WL et al: Cytomegalovirus: disease syndromes and treatment. Curr Clin Top Infect Dis. 19:16-29, 1999
Lumadue JA et al: A clinicopathologic analysis of AIDS-related cryptosporidiosis. AIDS. 12(18):2459-66, 1998
Manabe YC et al: Cryptosporidiosis in patients with AIDS: correlates of disease and survival. Clin Infect Dis. 27(3):536-42, 1998
Rossi P et al: Gastric involvement in AIDS associated cryptosporidiosis. Gut. 43(4):476-7, 1998
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