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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Preseptal cellulitis: Inflammation anterior to orbital septum
- Postseptal cellulitis: Inflammation posterior to orbital septum
- Orbital septum: Periosteal reflection bony orbit → upper lid levator aponeurosis & lower lid tarsal plate
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Nagaraj UD et al: Imaging of orbital infectious and inflammatory disease in children. Pediatr Radiol. 51(7):1149-61, 2021
- Santos JC et al: Pediatric preseptal and orbital cellulitis: a 10-year experience. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 120:82-8, 2019
- Jabarin B et al: Indicators for imaging in periorbital cellulitis secondary to rhinosinusitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 275(4):943-8, 2018
- Wong SJ et al: Management of pediatric orbital cellulitis: a systematic review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 110:123-9, 2018
- Sharma A et al: Pediatric orbital cellulitis in the Haemophilus influenzae vaccine era. J AAPOS. 19(3):206-10, 2015
- Le TD et al: The effect of adding orbital computed tomography findings to the Chandler criteria for classifying pediatric orbital cellulitis in predicting which patients will require surgical intervention. J AAPOS. 18(3):271-7, 2014
- Block SL: Getting an eyeful of preseptal cellulitis. Pediatr Ann. 42(3):99-102, 2013
- Peña MT et al: Orbital complications of acute sinusitis: changes in the post-pneumococcal vaccine era. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 139(3):223-7, 2013
- Meara DJ: Sinonasal disease and orbital cellulitis in children. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 24(3):487-96, 2012
- Bedwell J et al: Management of pediatric orbital cellulitis and abscess. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 19(6):467-73, 2011
- DeMuri GP et al: Complications of acute bacterial sinusitis in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 30(8):701-2, 2011
- Mendenhall WM et al: Orbital pseudotumor. Am J Clin Oncol. 33(3):304-6, 2010
- Kapur R et al: MR imaging of orbital inflammatory syndrome, orbital cellulitis, and orbital lymphoid lesions: the role of diffusion-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(1):64-70, 2009
- Maheshwari R et al: Acute dacryocystitis causing orbital cellulitis and abscess. Orbit. 28(2-3):196-9, 2009
- Sepahdari AR et al: MRI of orbital cellulitis and orbital abscess: the role of diffusion-weighted imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(3):W244-50, 2009
- Yang M et al: Orbital cellulitis in children-medical treatment versus surgical management. Orbit. 28(2-3):124-36, 2009
- Givner LB: Periorbital versus orbital cellulitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 21(12):1157-8, 2002
- Ambati BK et al: Periorbital and orbital cellulitis before and after the advent of Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccination. Ophthalmology. 107(8):1450-3, 2000
- Garcia GH et al: Criteria for nonsurgical management of subperiosteal abscess of the orbit: analysis of outcomes 1988-1998. Ophthalmology. 107(8):1454-6; discussion 1457-8, 2000
- Harris GJ: Subperiosteal abscess of the orbit. Age as a factor in the bacteriology and response to treatment. Ophthalmology. 101(3):585-95, 1994
- Handler LC et al: The acute orbit: differentiation of orbital cellulitis from subperiosteal abscess by computerized tomography. Neuroradiology. 33(1):15-8, 1991
- Chandler JR et al: The pathogenesis of orbital complications in acute sinusitis. Laryngoscope. 80(9):1414-28, 1970
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Preseptal cellulitis: Inflammation anterior to orbital septum
- Postseptal cellulitis: Inflammation posterior to orbital septum
- Orbital septum: Periosteal reflection bony orbit → upper lid levator aponeurosis & lower lid tarsal plate
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Nagaraj UD et al: Imaging of orbital infectious and inflammatory disease in children. Pediatr Radiol. 51(7):1149-61, 2021
- Santos JC et al: Pediatric preseptal and orbital cellulitis: a 10-year experience. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 120:82-8, 2019
- Jabarin B et al: Indicators for imaging in periorbital cellulitis secondary to rhinosinusitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 275(4):943-8, 2018
- Wong SJ et al: Management of pediatric orbital cellulitis: a systematic review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 110:123-9, 2018
- Sharma A et al: Pediatric orbital cellulitis in the Haemophilus influenzae vaccine era. J AAPOS. 19(3):206-10, 2015
- Le TD et al: The effect of adding orbital computed tomography findings to the Chandler criteria for classifying pediatric orbital cellulitis in predicting which patients will require surgical intervention. J AAPOS. 18(3):271-7, 2014
- Block SL: Getting an eyeful of preseptal cellulitis. Pediatr Ann. 42(3):99-102, 2013
- Peña MT et al: Orbital complications of acute sinusitis: changes in the post-pneumococcal vaccine era. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 139(3):223-7, 2013
- Meara DJ: Sinonasal disease and orbital cellulitis in children. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 24(3):487-96, 2012
- Bedwell J et al: Management of pediatric orbital cellulitis and abscess. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 19(6):467-73, 2011
- DeMuri GP et al: Complications of acute bacterial sinusitis in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 30(8):701-2, 2011
- Mendenhall WM et al: Orbital pseudotumor. Am J Clin Oncol. 33(3):304-6, 2010
- Kapur R et al: MR imaging of orbital inflammatory syndrome, orbital cellulitis, and orbital lymphoid lesions: the role of diffusion-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(1):64-70, 2009
- Maheshwari R et al: Acute dacryocystitis causing orbital cellulitis and abscess. Orbit. 28(2-3):196-9, 2009
- Sepahdari AR et al: MRI of orbital cellulitis and orbital abscess: the role of diffusion-weighted imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(3):W244-50, 2009
- Yang M et al: Orbital cellulitis in children-medical treatment versus surgical management. Orbit. 28(2-3):124-36, 2009
- Givner LB: Periorbital versus orbital cellulitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 21(12):1157-8, 2002
- Ambati BK et al: Periorbital and orbital cellulitis before and after the advent of Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccination. Ophthalmology. 107(8):1450-3, 2000
- Garcia GH et al: Criteria for nonsurgical management of subperiosteal abscess of the orbit: analysis of outcomes 1988-1998. Ophthalmology. 107(8):1454-6; discussion 1457-8, 2000
- Harris GJ: Subperiosteal abscess of the orbit. Age as a factor in the bacteriology and response to treatment. Ophthalmology. 101(3):585-95, 1994
- Handler LC et al: The acute orbit: differentiation of orbital cellulitis from subperiosteal abscess by computerized tomography. Neuroradiology. 33(1):15-8, 1991
- Chandler JR et al: The pathogenesis of orbital complications in acute sinusitis. Laryngoscope. 80(9):1414-28, 1970
