OLPL represents spectrum of lesions ranging from benign lymphoid hyperplasia (LH) to malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Singh S et al: Lymphoproliferative tumors involving the lacrimal drainage system: a major review. Orbit. 39(4):276-84, 2020
Tunlayadechanont P et al: Role of quantitative spectral CT analysis for differentiation of orbital lymphoma and other orbital lymphoproliferative disease. Eur J Radiol. 133:109372, 2020
Olsen TG et al: Orbital lymphoma. Surv Ophthalmol. 64(1):45-66, 2019
Freedman K et al: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with intraocular and orbital involvement: case presentation and review of the literature. Orbit. 37(4):243-7, 2018
Kharod SM et al: Radiotherapy in the management of orbital lymphoma: a single institution's experience over 4 decades. Am J Clin Oncol. 41(1):100-6, 2018
Qian W et al: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in orbital lymphoproliferative disorders: effects of region of interest selection methods on time efficiency, measurement reproducibility, and diagnostic ability. J Magn Reson Imaging. 47(5):1298-305, 2018
Xu XQ et al: Benign and malignant orbital lymphoproliferative disorders: differentiating using multiparametric MRI at 3.0T. J Magn Reson Imaging. 45(1):167-76, 2017
Andrew NH et al: Lymphoid hyperplasia of the orbit and ocular adnexa: a clinico-pathological review. Surv Ophthalmol. 61(6):778-90, 2016
Amin S et al: Diagnostic pitfalls in "low-grade lymphoma" of the orbit and lacrimal gland. Orbit. 34(4):206-11, 2015
Andrew NH et al: An analysis of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) among idiopathic orbital inflammations and benign lymphoid hyperplasias using two consensus-based diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RD. Br J Ophthalmol. 99(3):376-81, 2015
Haradome K et al: Orbital lymphoproliferative disorders (OLPDs): value of MR imaging for differentiating orbital lymphoma from benign OPLDs. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 35(10):1976-82, 2014
Andrew NH et al: Intraorbital corticosteroid injection for orbital reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Eye (Lond). 27(4):561-3, 2013
Ho HH et al: Treatment of benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the orbit with rituximab. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 26(1):11-3, 2010
Sokol JA et al: Rituximab immunotherapy for ocular adnexal lymphoma: clinicopathologic correlation with 5-year follow-up. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 25(4):322-4, 2009
Demirci H et al: Orbital lymphoproliferative tumors: analysis of clinical features and systemic involvement in 160 cases. Ophthalmology. 115(9):1626-31, 1631, 2008
Dimitrakopoulos I et al: Effect of chemotherapy on primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the orbit. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 66(1):16-20, 2008
Gayed I et al: Value of positron emission tomography in staging ocular adnexal lymphomas and evaluating their response to therapy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 38(4):319-25, 2007
Sullivan TJ et al: Imaging features of ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disease. Eye (Lond). 20(10):1189-95, 2006
Valenzuela AA et al: Positron emission tomography in the detection and staging of ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disease. Ophthalmology. 113(12):2331-7, 2006
Akansel G et al: MRI patterns in orbital malignant lymphoma and atypical lymphocytic infiltrates. Eur J Radiol. 53(2):175-81, 2005
Hasegawa M et al: Treatment results of radiotherapy for malignant lymphoma of the orbit and histopathologic review according to the WHO classification. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 57(1):172-6, 2003
Moon WJ et al: Orbital lymphoma and subacute or chronic inflammatory pseudotumor: differentiation with two-phase helical computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 27(4):510-6, 2003
Uno T et al: Radiotherapy for extranodal, marginal zone, B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue originating in the ocular adnexa: a multiinstitutional, retrospective review of 50 patients. Cancer. 98(4):865-71, 2003
Douglas RS et al: Orbital presentation of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder: a small case series. Ophthalmology. 109(12):2351-5, 2002
Esmaeli B et al: Clinical presentation and treatment of secondary orbital lymphoma. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 18(4):247-53, 2002
Le QT et al: Primary radiotherapy for localized orbital MALT lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 52(3):657-63, 2002
Pelloski CE et al: Clinical stage IEA-IIEA orbital lymphomas: outcomes in the era of modern staging and treatment. Radiother Oncol. 59(2):145-51, 2001
Shields CL et al: Conjunctival lymphoid tumors: clinical analysis of 117 cases and relationship to systemic lymphoma. Ophthalmology. 108(5):979-84, 2001
Valvassori GE et al: Imaging of orbital lymphoproliferative disorders. Radiol Clin North Am. 37(1):135-50, x-xi, 1999
Weber AL et al: Lymphoproliferative disease of the orbit. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 6(1):93-111, 1996
OLPL represents spectrum of lesions ranging from benign lymphoid hyperplasia (LH) to malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Singh S et al: Lymphoproliferative tumors involving the lacrimal drainage system: a major review. Orbit. 39(4):276-84, 2020
Tunlayadechanont P et al: Role of quantitative spectral CT analysis for differentiation of orbital lymphoma and other orbital lymphoproliferative disease. Eur J Radiol. 133:109372, 2020
Olsen TG et al: Orbital lymphoma. Surv Ophthalmol. 64(1):45-66, 2019
Freedman K et al: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with intraocular and orbital involvement: case presentation and review of the literature. Orbit. 37(4):243-7, 2018
Kharod SM et al: Radiotherapy in the management of orbital lymphoma: a single institution's experience over 4 decades. Am J Clin Oncol. 41(1):100-6, 2018
Qian W et al: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in orbital lymphoproliferative disorders: effects of region of interest selection methods on time efficiency, measurement reproducibility, and diagnostic ability. J Magn Reson Imaging. 47(5):1298-305, 2018
Xu XQ et al: Benign and malignant orbital lymphoproliferative disorders: differentiating using multiparametric MRI at 3.0T. J Magn Reson Imaging. 45(1):167-76, 2017
Andrew NH et al: Lymphoid hyperplasia of the orbit and ocular adnexa: a clinico-pathological review. Surv Ophthalmol. 61(6):778-90, 2016
Amin S et al: Diagnostic pitfalls in "low-grade lymphoma" of the orbit and lacrimal gland. Orbit. 34(4):206-11, 2015
Andrew NH et al: An analysis of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) among idiopathic orbital inflammations and benign lymphoid hyperplasias using two consensus-based diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RD. Br J Ophthalmol. 99(3):376-81, 2015
Haradome K et al: Orbital lymphoproliferative disorders (OLPDs): value of MR imaging for differentiating orbital lymphoma from benign OPLDs. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 35(10):1976-82, 2014
Andrew NH et al: Intraorbital corticosteroid injection for orbital reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Eye (Lond). 27(4):561-3, 2013
Ho HH et al: Treatment of benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the orbit with rituximab. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 26(1):11-3, 2010
Sokol JA et al: Rituximab immunotherapy for ocular adnexal lymphoma: clinicopathologic correlation with 5-year follow-up. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 25(4):322-4, 2009
Demirci H et al: Orbital lymphoproliferative tumors: analysis of clinical features and systemic involvement in 160 cases. Ophthalmology. 115(9):1626-31, 1631, 2008
Dimitrakopoulos I et al: Effect of chemotherapy on primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the orbit. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 66(1):16-20, 2008
Gayed I et al: Value of positron emission tomography in staging ocular adnexal lymphomas and evaluating their response to therapy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 38(4):319-25, 2007
Sullivan TJ et al: Imaging features of ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disease. Eye (Lond). 20(10):1189-95, 2006
Valenzuela AA et al: Positron emission tomography in the detection and staging of ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disease. Ophthalmology. 113(12):2331-7, 2006
Akansel G et al: MRI patterns in orbital malignant lymphoma and atypical lymphocytic infiltrates. Eur J Radiol. 53(2):175-81, 2005
Hasegawa M et al: Treatment results of radiotherapy for malignant lymphoma of the orbit and histopathologic review according to the WHO classification. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 57(1):172-6, 2003
Moon WJ et al: Orbital lymphoma and subacute or chronic inflammatory pseudotumor: differentiation with two-phase helical computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 27(4):510-6, 2003
Uno T et al: Radiotherapy for extranodal, marginal zone, B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue originating in the ocular adnexa: a multiinstitutional, retrospective review of 50 patients. Cancer. 98(4):865-71, 2003
Douglas RS et al: Orbital presentation of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder: a small case series. Ophthalmology. 109(12):2351-5, 2002
Esmaeli B et al: Clinical presentation and treatment of secondary orbital lymphoma. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 18(4):247-53, 2002
Le QT et al: Primary radiotherapy for localized orbital MALT lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 52(3):657-63, 2002
Pelloski CE et al: Clinical stage IEA-IIEA orbital lymphomas: outcomes in the era of modern staging and treatment. Radiother Oncol. 59(2):145-51, 2001
Shields CL et al: Conjunctival lymphoid tumors: clinical analysis of 117 cases and relationship to systemic lymphoma. Ophthalmology. 108(5):979-84, 2001
Valvassori GE et al: Imaging of orbital lymphoproliferative disorders. Radiol Clin North Am. 37(1):135-50, x-xi, 1999
Weber AL et al: Lymphoproliferative disease of the orbit. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 6(1):93-111, 1996
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