Persistence of unfused odontoid tip ossification center into adulthood
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Hedequist DJ et al: Os odontoideum in children. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 28(3):e100-7, 2020
Hedequist DJ et al: Os odontoideum in children. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. ePub, 2019
O'Brien WT Sr et al: The dens: normal development, developmental variants and anomalies, and traumatic injuries. J Clin Imaging Sci. 5:38, 2015
Perdikakis E et al: The odontoid process: various configuration types in MR examinations. Eur Spine J. 23(5):1077-83, 2014
Pang D et al: Embryology and bony malformations of the craniovertebral junction. Childs Nerv Syst. 27(4):523-64, 2011
Viswanathan A et al: "Orthotopic" ossiculum terminale persistens and atlantoaxial instability in a child less than 12 years of age: a case report and review of the literature. Cases J. 2:8530, 2009
Smoker WR et al: Imaging the craniocervical junction. Childs Nerv Syst. 24(10):1123-45, 2008
Klimo P Jr et al: Congenital anomalies of the cervical spine. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 18(3):463-78, 2007
Constantoyannis C et al: Atlantoaxial instability and myelopathy due to an ossiculum terminale persistens. Med Sci Monit. 10(10):CS63-7, 2004
Liang CL et al: Atlantoaxial stability in ossiculum terminale. Case report. J Neurosurg. 95(1 Suppl):119-21, 2001
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Ossiculum terminale persistens
Definitions
Persistence of unfused odontoid tip ossification center into adulthood
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Hedequist DJ et al: Os odontoideum in children. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 28(3):e100-7, 2020
Hedequist DJ et al: Os odontoideum in children. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. ePub, 2019
O'Brien WT Sr et al: The dens: normal development, developmental variants and anomalies, and traumatic injuries. J Clin Imaging Sci. 5:38, 2015
Perdikakis E et al: The odontoid process: various configuration types in MR examinations. Eur Spine J. 23(5):1077-83, 2014
Pang D et al: Embryology and bony malformations of the craniovertebral junction. Childs Nerv Syst. 27(4):523-64, 2011
Viswanathan A et al: "Orthotopic" ossiculum terminale persistens and atlantoaxial instability in a child less than 12 years of age: a case report and review of the literature. Cases J. 2:8530, 2009
Smoker WR et al: Imaging the craniocervical junction. Childs Nerv Syst. 24(10):1123-45, 2008
Klimo P Jr et al: Congenital anomalies of the cervical spine. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 18(3):463-78, 2007
Constantoyannis C et al: Atlantoaxial instability and myelopathy due to an ossiculum terminale persistens. Med Sci Monit. 10(10):CS63-7, 2004
Liang CL et al: Atlantoaxial stability in ossiculum terminale. Case report. J Neurosurg. 95(1 Suppl):119-21, 2001
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