Arthritis developing secondary to cartilage degeneration
Results from imbalance between biosynthesis and degradation of cartilage constituents; degradative processes outpace repair
Presently defined as productive radiographic changes in combination with joint pain
Cartilage loss occurs for several years before OA visible on radiograph; definition may be refined in future
55% of patients with tibiofemoral compartment cartilage degeneration at arthroscopy had no radiographic evidence of OA in 1 study
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Guan B et al: Deep learning approach to predict pain progression in knee osteoarthritis. Skeletal Radiol. 51(2):363-73, 2021
Lee LS et al: Imaging of knee osteoarthritis: a review of current evidence and clinical guidelines. Musculoskeletal Care. 19(3):363-74, 2021
Xie Y et al: Metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and hyperglycemia were positively associated with knee osteoarthritis, while dyslipidemia showed no association with knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 40(2):711-24, 2021
Leung K et al: Prediction of total knee replacement and diagnosis of osteoarthritis by using deep learning on knee radiographs: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Radiology. 296(3):584-93, 2020
Liu Y et al: Threshold for lateral meniscal body extrusion on MRI in middle-aged and elderly patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Diagn Interv Imaging. 101(10):677-83, 2020
Roemer FW et al: MRI-based screening for structural definition of eligibility in clinical DMOAD trials: rapid OsteoArthritis MRI Eligibility Score (ROAMES). Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 28(1):71-81, 2020
Roemer FW et al: State of the art: imaging of osteoarthritis-revisited 2020. Radiology. 296(1):5-21, 2020
Thomas KA et al: Automated classification of radiographic knee osteoarthritis severity using deep neural networks. Radiol Artif Intell. 2(2):e190065, 2020
Norman B et al: Applying densely connected convolutional neural networks for staging osteoarthritis severity from plain radiographs. J Digit Imaging. 32(3):471-7, 2019
Yang X et al: Efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging with an SPGR sequence for the early evaluation of knee cartilage degeneration and the relationship between cartilage and other tissues. J Orthop Surg Res. 14(1):152, 2019
Expert Panel on Musculoskeletal Imaging:. et al: ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Chronic Knee Pain. J Am Coll Radiol. 15(11S):S302-12, 2018
Rueckl K et al: The posterior-anterior flexed view is better than the anterior-posterior view for assessing osteoarthritis of the knee. Skeletal Radiol. 47(4):511-7, 2018
Wang X et al: What is the role of imaging in the clinical diagnosis of osteoarthritis and disease management? Rheumatology (Oxford). 57(suppl_4):iv51-60, 2018
van Oudenaarde K et al: Predictive value of MRI features for development of radiographic osteoarthritis in a cohort of participants with pre-radiographic knee osteoarthritis-the CHECK study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 56(1):113-20, 2017
Bastick AN et al: What are the prognostic factors for radiographic progression of knee osteoarthritis? A meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 473(9):2969-89, 2015
Alizai H et al: Cartilage lesion score: comparison of a quantitative assessment score with established semiquantitative MR scoring systems. Radiology. 271(2):479-87, 2014
Guermazi A et al: Medial posterior meniscal root tears are associated with development or worsening of medial tibiofemoral cartilage damage: the multicenter osteoarthritis study. Radiology. 268(3):814-21, 2013
Kijowski R et al: Evaluation of the articular cartilage of the knee joint: value of adding a T2 mapping sequence to a routine MR imaging protocol. Radiology. 267(2):503-13, 2013
Park HJ et al: A practical MRI grading system for osteoarthritis of the knee: association with Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic scores. Eur J Radiol. 82(1):112-7, 2013
Raya JG et al: Diffusion-tensor imaging of human articular cartilage specimens with early signs of cartilage damage. Radiology. 266(3):831-41, 2013
Crema MD et al: Factors associated with meniscal extrusion in knees with or at risk for osteoarthritis: the Multicenter Osteoarthritis study. Radiology. 264(2):494-503, 2012
Hunter DJ et al: Evolution of semi-quantitative whole joint assessment of knee OA: MOAKS (MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score). Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 19(8):990-1002, 2011
Mosher TJ et al: Knee articular cartilage damage in osteoarthritis: analysis of MR image biomarker reproducibility in ACRIN-PA 4001 multicenter trial. Radiology. 258(3):832-42, 2011
Pan J et al: Knee cartilage T2 characteristics and evolution in relation to morphologic abnormalities detected at 3-T MR imaging: a longitudinal study of the normal control cohort from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Radiology. 261(2):507-15, 2011
Lo GH et al: Bone marrow lesions and joint effusion are strongly and independently associated with weight-bearing pain in knee osteoarthritis: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 17(12):1562-9, 2009
Stahl R et al: Assessment of cartilage-dedicated sequences at ultra-high-field MRI: comparison of imaging performance and diagnostic confidence between 3.0 and 7.0 T with respect to osteoarthritis-induced changes at the knee joint. Skeletal Radiol. 38(8):771-83, 2009
Takahashi T et al: Reproducibility of joint space width and the intermargin distance measurements in patients with medial osteoarthritis of the knee in various degrees of flexion. Skeletal Radiol. 38(1):37-42, 2009
Anandacoomarasamy A et al: Predictors of clinical response to intraarticular Hylan injections -- a prospective study using synovial fluid measures, clinical outcomes, and magnetic resonance imaging. J Rheumatol. 35(4):685-90, 2008
Chan WP et al: Radiographic joint space narrowing in osteoarthritis of the knee: relationship to meniscal tears and duration of pain. Skeletal Radiol. 37(10):917-22, 2008
Englund M et al: Incidental meniscal findings on knee MRI in middle-aged and elderly persons. N Engl J Med. 359(11):1108-15, 2008
Hernández JL et al: Aromatase expression in osteoarthritic and osteoporotic bone. Arthritis Rheum. 58(6):1696-700, 2008
Kessler MA et al: Recovery of the menisci and articular cartilage of runners after cessation of exercise: additional aspects of in vivo investigation based on 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Sports Med. 36(5):966-70, 2008
Krampla WW et al: Changes on magnetic resonance tomography in the knee joints of marathon runners: a 10-year longitudinal study. Skeletal Radiol. 37(7):619-26, 2008
Owman H et al: Association between findings on delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage and future knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 58(6):1727-30, 2008
Pouders C et al: Prevalence and MRI-anatomic correlation of bone cysts in osteoarthritic knees. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 190(1):17-21, 2008
Rauscher I et al: Meniscal measurements of T1rho and T2 at MR imaging in healthy subjects and patients with osteoarthritis. Radiology. 249(2):591-600, 2008
Thomas E et al: Predicting the course of functional limitation among older adults with knee pain: do local signs, symptoms and radiographs add anything to general indicators? Ann Rheum Dis. 67(10):1390-8, 2008
Felson DT et al: Correlation of the development of knee pain with enlarging bone marrow lesions on magnetic resonance imaging. Arthritis Rheum. 56(9):2986-92, 2007
Kijowski R et al: Arthroscopic validation of radiographic grading scales of osteoarthritis of the tibiofemoral joint. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 187(3):794-9, 2006
Related Anatomy
Loading...
Related Differential Diagnoses
Loading...
References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Osteoarthritis (OA)
Synonyms
Degenerative joint disease (DJD), osteoarthrosis
Definitions
Arthritis developing secondary to cartilage degeneration
Results from imbalance between biosynthesis and degradation of cartilage constituents; degradative processes outpace repair
Presently defined as productive radiographic changes in combination with joint pain
Cartilage loss occurs for several years before OA visible on radiograph; definition may be refined in future
55% of patients with tibiofemoral compartment cartilage degeneration at arthroscopy had no radiographic evidence of OA in 1 study
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Guan B et al: Deep learning approach to predict pain progression in knee osteoarthritis. Skeletal Radiol. 51(2):363-73, 2021
Lee LS et al: Imaging of knee osteoarthritis: a review of current evidence and clinical guidelines. Musculoskeletal Care. 19(3):363-74, 2021
Xie Y et al: Metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and hyperglycemia were positively associated with knee osteoarthritis, while dyslipidemia showed no association with knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 40(2):711-24, 2021
Leung K et al: Prediction of total knee replacement and diagnosis of osteoarthritis by using deep learning on knee radiographs: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Radiology. 296(3):584-93, 2020
Liu Y et al: Threshold for lateral meniscal body extrusion on MRI in middle-aged and elderly patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Diagn Interv Imaging. 101(10):677-83, 2020
Roemer FW et al: MRI-based screening for structural definition of eligibility in clinical DMOAD trials: rapid OsteoArthritis MRI Eligibility Score (ROAMES). Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 28(1):71-81, 2020
Roemer FW et al: State of the art: imaging of osteoarthritis-revisited 2020. Radiology. 296(1):5-21, 2020
Thomas KA et al: Automated classification of radiographic knee osteoarthritis severity using deep neural networks. Radiol Artif Intell. 2(2):e190065, 2020
Norman B et al: Applying densely connected convolutional neural networks for staging osteoarthritis severity from plain radiographs. J Digit Imaging. 32(3):471-7, 2019
Yang X et al: Efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging with an SPGR sequence for the early evaluation of knee cartilage degeneration and the relationship between cartilage and other tissues. J Orthop Surg Res. 14(1):152, 2019
Expert Panel on Musculoskeletal Imaging:. et al: ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Chronic Knee Pain. J Am Coll Radiol. 15(11S):S302-12, 2018
Rueckl K et al: The posterior-anterior flexed view is better than the anterior-posterior view for assessing osteoarthritis of the knee. Skeletal Radiol. 47(4):511-7, 2018
Wang X et al: What is the role of imaging in the clinical diagnosis of osteoarthritis and disease management? Rheumatology (Oxford). 57(suppl_4):iv51-60, 2018
van Oudenaarde K et al: Predictive value of MRI features for development of radiographic osteoarthritis in a cohort of participants with pre-radiographic knee osteoarthritis-the CHECK study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 56(1):113-20, 2017
Bastick AN et al: What are the prognostic factors for radiographic progression of knee osteoarthritis? A meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 473(9):2969-89, 2015
Alizai H et al: Cartilage lesion score: comparison of a quantitative assessment score with established semiquantitative MR scoring systems. Radiology. 271(2):479-87, 2014
Guermazi A et al: Medial posterior meniscal root tears are associated with development or worsening of medial tibiofemoral cartilage damage: the multicenter osteoarthritis study. Radiology. 268(3):814-21, 2013
Kijowski R et al: Evaluation of the articular cartilage of the knee joint: value of adding a T2 mapping sequence to a routine MR imaging protocol. Radiology. 267(2):503-13, 2013
Park HJ et al: A practical MRI grading system for osteoarthritis of the knee: association with Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic scores. Eur J Radiol. 82(1):112-7, 2013
Raya JG et al: Diffusion-tensor imaging of human articular cartilage specimens with early signs of cartilage damage. Radiology. 266(3):831-41, 2013
Crema MD et al: Factors associated with meniscal extrusion in knees with or at risk for osteoarthritis: the Multicenter Osteoarthritis study. Radiology. 264(2):494-503, 2012
Hunter DJ et al: Evolution of semi-quantitative whole joint assessment of knee OA: MOAKS (MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score). Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 19(8):990-1002, 2011
Mosher TJ et al: Knee articular cartilage damage in osteoarthritis: analysis of MR image biomarker reproducibility in ACRIN-PA 4001 multicenter trial. Radiology. 258(3):832-42, 2011
Pan J et al: Knee cartilage T2 characteristics and evolution in relation to morphologic abnormalities detected at 3-T MR imaging: a longitudinal study of the normal control cohort from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Radiology. 261(2):507-15, 2011
Lo GH et al: Bone marrow lesions and joint effusion are strongly and independently associated with weight-bearing pain in knee osteoarthritis: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 17(12):1562-9, 2009
Stahl R et al: Assessment of cartilage-dedicated sequences at ultra-high-field MRI: comparison of imaging performance and diagnostic confidence between 3.0 and 7.0 T with respect to osteoarthritis-induced changes at the knee joint. Skeletal Radiol. 38(8):771-83, 2009
Takahashi T et al: Reproducibility of joint space width and the intermargin distance measurements in patients with medial osteoarthritis of the knee in various degrees of flexion. Skeletal Radiol. 38(1):37-42, 2009
Anandacoomarasamy A et al: Predictors of clinical response to intraarticular Hylan injections -- a prospective study using synovial fluid measures, clinical outcomes, and magnetic resonance imaging. J Rheumatol. 35(4):685-90, 2008
Chan WP et al: Radiographic joint space narrowing in osteoarthritis of the knee: relationship to meniscal tears and duration of pain. Skeletal Radiol. 37(10):917-22, 2008
Englund M et al: Incidental meniscal findings on knee MRI in middle-aged and elderly persons. N Engl J Med. 359(11):1108-15, 2008
Hernández JL et al: Aromatase expression in osteoarthritic and osteoporotic bone. Arthritis Rheum. 58(6):1696-700, 2008
Kessler MA et al: Recovery of the menisci and articular cartilage of runners after cessation of exercise: additional aspects of in vivo investigation based on 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Sports Med. 36(5):966-70, 2008
Krampla WW et al: Changes on magnetic resonance tomography in the knee joints of marathon runners: a 10-year longitudinal study. Skeletal Radiol. 37(7):619-26, 2008
Owman H et al: Association between findings on delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage and future knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 58(6):1727-30, 2008
Pouders C et al: Prevalence and MRI-anatomic correlation of bone cysts in osteoarthritic knees. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 190(1):17-21, 2008
Rauscher I et al: Meniscal measurements of T1rho and T2 at MR imaging in healthy subjects and patients with osteoarthritis. Radiology. 249(2):591-600, 2008
Thomas E et al: Predicting the course of functional limitation among older adults with knee pain: do local signs, symptoms and radiographs add anything to general indicators? Ann Rheum Dis. 67(10):1390-8, 2008
Felson DT et al: Correlation of the development of knee pain with enlarging bone marrow lesions on magnetic resonance imaging. Arthritis Rheum. 56(9):2986-92, 2007
Kijowski R et al: Arthroscopic validation of radiographic grading scales of osteoarthritis of the tibiofemoral joint. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 187(3):794-9, 2006
STATdx includes over 200,000 searchable images, including x-ray, CT, MR, and ultrasound images. To access all images, please log in or subscribe.