Bookmarks
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)
Synonyms
- Osteochondral lesion, juvenile OCD (JOCD), adult OCD
Definitions
- Focal joint disorder with progressive changes in subchondral bone & overlying articular cartilage that may lead to early joint degeneration
- JOCD is limited to skeletally immature patients (open physes)
- Most common in young adolescent athletes
- Differentiation from variant irregular ossification of distal femoral epiphysis can be difficult
- Etiology is unclear; likely multiple contributing factors (traumatic, ischemic, genetic) resulting in symptomatic growth disturbance of epiphyseal secondary physis
- Favored etiology: Repetitive stress (microtrauma)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Fabricant PD et al: Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee: an interrater reliability study of magnetic resonance imaging characteristics. Am J Sports Med. 48(9):2221-9, 2020
- Masquijo J et al: Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) of the knee: current concepts review. EFORT Open Rev. 4(5):201-12, 2019
- Haeri Hendy S et al: Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans of the knee: does magnetic resonance imaging instability correlate with the need for surgical intervention? Orthop J Sports Med. 5(11):2325967117738516, 2017
- Wall EJ et al: The reliability of assessing radiographic healing of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. Am J Sports Med. 45(6):1370-5, 2017
- Yellin JL et al: The surgical management of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee in the skeletally immature: a survey of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) Membership. J Pediatr Orthop. 37(7):491-9, 2017
- Carey JL et al: Novel arthroscopic classification of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee: a multicenter reliability study. Am J Sports Med. 44(7):1694-8, 2016
- Roßbach BP et al: Discrepancy between morphological findings in juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (OCD): a comparison of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 24(4):1259-64, 2016
- Uppstrom TJ et al: Classification and assessment of juvenile osteochondritis dissecans knee lesions. Curr Opin Pediatr. 28(1):60-7, 2016
- van Bergen CJ et al: Osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum in adolescents. World J Orthop. 7(2):102-8, 2016
- Penttilä P et al: Diagnosis of knee osteochondral lesions with ultrasound imaging. Arthrosc Tech. 4(5):e429-33, 2015
- Zbojniewicz AM et al: Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans: correlation between histopathology and MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 205(1):W114-23, 2015
- Eismann EA et al: Management strategies for osteochondritis dissecans of the knee in the skeletally immature athlete. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 44(9):665-79, 2014
- Itsubo T et al: Magnetic resonance imaging staging to evaluate the stability of capitellar osteochondritis dissecans lesions. Am J Sports Med. 42(8):1972-7, 2014
- Jacobs JC Jr et al: A review of arthroscopic classification systems for osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. Clin Sports Med. 33(2):189-97, 2014
- Talusan PG et al: Osteochondritis dissecans of the talus: diagnosis and treatment in athletes. Clin Sports Med. 33(2):267-84, 2014
- Vannini F et al: Treatment of juvenile osteochondritis dissecans of the talus: current concepts review. Joints. 2(4):188-91, 2014
- Zbojniewicz AM et al: Imaging of osteochondritis dissecans. Clin Sports Med. 33(2):221-50, 2014
- Pascual-Garrido C et al: Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee in children and adolescents. Curr Opin Pediatr. 25(1):46-51, 2013
- Shea KG et al: Osteochondritis dissecans knee histology studies have variable findings and theories of etiology. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 471(4):1127-36, 2013
- Laor T et al: Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans: is it a growth disturbance of the secondary physis of the epiphysis? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 199(5):1121-8, 2012
- Moktassi A et al: Imaging of osteochondritis dissecans. Orthop Clin North Am. 43(2):201-11, v-vi, 2012
- Chambers HG et al: Diagnosis and treatment of osteochondritis dissecans. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 19(5):297-306, 2011
- Kijowski R et al: Juvenile versus adult osteochondritis dissecans of the knee: appropriate MR imaging criteria for instability. Radiology. 248(2):571-8, 2008
Related Anatomy
Loading...
Related Differential Diagnoses
Loading...
References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)
Synonyms
- Osteochondral lesion, juvenile OCD (JOCD), adult OCD
Definitions
- Focal joint disorder with progressive changes in subchondral bone & overlying articular cartilage that may lead to early joint degeneration
- JOCD is limited to skeletally immature patients (open physes)
- Most common in young adolescent athletes
- Differentiation from variant irregular ossification of distal femoral epiphysis can be difficult
- Etiology is unclear; likely multiple contributing factors (traumatic, ischemic, genetic) resulting in symptomatic growth disturbance of epiphyseal secondary physis
- Favored etiology: Repetitive stress (microtrauma)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Fabricant PD et al: Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee: an interrater reliability study of magnetic resonance imaging characteristics. Am J Sports Med. 48(9):2221-9, 2020
- Masquijo J et al: Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) of the knee: current concepts review. EFORT Open Rev. 4(5):201-12, 2019
- Haeri Hendy S et al: Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans of the knee: does magnetic resonance imaging instability correlate with the need for surgical intervention? Orthop J Sports Med. 5(11):2325967117738516, 2017
- Wall EJ et al: The reliability of assessing radiographic healing of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. Am J Sports Med. 45(6):1370-5, 2017
- Yellin JL et al: The surgical management of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee in the skeletally immature: a survey of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) Membership. J Pediatr Orthop. 37(7):491-9, 2017
- Carey JL et al: Novel arthroscopic classification of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee: a multicenter reliability study. Am J Sports Med. 44(7):1694-8, 2016
- Roßbach BP et al: Discrepancy between morphological findings in juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (OCD): a comparison of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 24(4):1259-64, 2016
- Uppstrom TJ et al: Classification and assessment of juvenile osteochondritis dissecans knee lesions. Curr Opin Pediatr. 28(1):60-7, 2016
- van Bergen CJ et al: Osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum in adolescents. World J Orthop. 7(2):102-8, 2016
- Penttilä P et al: Diagnosis of knee osteochondral lesions with ultrasound imaging. Arthrosc Tech. 4(5):e429-33, 2015
- Zbojniewicz AM et al: Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans: correlation between histopathology and MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 205(1):W114-23, 2015
- Eismann EA et al: Management strategies for osteochondritis dissecans of the knee in the skeletally immature athlete. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 44(9):665-79, 2014
- Itsubo T et al: Magnetic resonance imaging staging to evaluate the stability of capitellar osteochondritis dissecans lesions. Am J Sports Med. 42(8):1972-7, 2014
- Jacobs JC Jr et al: A review of arthroscopic classification systems for osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. Clin Sports Med. 33(2):189-97, 2014
- Talusan PG et al: Osteochondritis dissecans of the talus: diagnosis and treatment in athletes. Clin Sports Med. 33(2):267-84, 2014
- Vannini F et al: Treatment of juvenile osteochondritis dissecans of the talus: current concepts review. Joints. 2(4):188-91, 2014
- Zbojniewicz AM et al: Imaging of osteochondritis dissecans. Clin Sports Med. 33(2):221-50, 2014
- Pascual-Garrido C et al: Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee in children and adolescents. Curr Opin Pediatr. 25(1):46-51, 2013
- Shea KG et al: Osteochondritis dissecans knee histology studies have variable findings and theories of etiology. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 471(4):1127-36, 2013
- Laor T et al: Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans: is it a growth disturbance of the secondary physis of the epiphysis? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 199(5):1121-8, 2012
- Moktassi A et al: Imaging of osteochondritis dissecans. Orthop Clin North Am. 43(2):201-11, v-vi, 2012
- Chambers HG et al: Diagnosis and treatment of osteochondritis dissecans. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 19(5):297-306, 2011
- Kijowski R et al: Juvenile versus adult osteochondritis dissecans of the knee: appropriate MR imaging criteria for instability. Radiology. 248(2):571-8, 2008
