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Osteochondroma
Behrang Amini, MD, PhDB. J. Manaster, MD, PhD, FACR
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Clinical Issues

        • Diagnostic Checklist

          TERMINOLOGY

          • Synonyms

            • Exostosis, solitary osteochondroma, osteocartilaginous exostosis (not recommended)
          • Definitions

            • Cartilage-capped osseous excrescence that has cortical and marrow continuity with bone from which it extends

          IMAGING

          • General Features

            • Radiographic Findings

              • CT Findings

                • MR Findings

                  • Ultrasonographic Findings

                    • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                      • Imaging Recommendations

                        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                          PATHOLOGY

                          • General Features

                            • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                              • Microscopic Features

                                CLINICAL ISSUES

                                • Presentation

                                  • Demographics

                                    • Natural History & Prognosis

                                      • Treatment

                                        DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                        • Consider

                                          Selected References

                                          1. Tepelenis K et al: Osteochondromas: an updated review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, radiological features and treatment options. In Vivo. 35(2):681-91, 2021
                                          2. Bovée JVMG et al: Osteochondroma. In Fletcher CDM et al: World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. IARC Press. 356-8, 2020
                                          3. Gould ES et al: Osteochondroma of the hip with adjacent bursal chondromatosis. Skeletal Radiol. 43(12):1743-8, 2014
                                          4. Zhang Y et al: Solitary C1 spinal osteochondroma causing vertebral artery compression and acute cerebellar infarct. Skeletal Radiol. 44(2):299-302, 2014
                                          5. Kumar R et al: Posttraumatic intramedullary osteochondroma: report of a case. Skeletal Radiol. 42(5):725-8, 2013
                                          6. Bernard SA et al: Improved differentiation of benign osteochondromas from secondary chondrosarcomas with standardized measurement of cartilage cap at CT and MR imaging. Radiology. 255(3):857-65, 2010
                                          7. Tubbs RS et al: Cervical osteochondroma with postoperative recurrence: case report and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst. 26(1):101-4, 2010
                                          8. Asmat A et al: Spontaneous haemothorax from an osteochondroma. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 36(2):394, 2009
                                          9. Chazono M et al: Dumbbell-shaped osteochondroma of the fifth rib causing spinal cord compression. J Orthop Sci. 14(3):336-8, 2009
                                          10. Mnif H et al: Peroneal nerve palsy resulting from fibular head osteochondroma. Orthopedics. 32(7):528, 2009
                                          11. Yunoki J et al: Popliteal artery stenosis secondary to osteochondroma. J Vasc Surg. 50(3):667, 2009
                                          12. Bernard SA et al: Cartilage cap thickness measurement on T2-weighted MRI imaging and the risk of secondary chondrosarcoma in osteochondromas. Presented at Society of Skeletal Radiologists. March, 2008
                                          13. Khurana J. et al: Osteochondroma. In Fletcher CDM et al: World Health Organization Classification of Tumors: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. IARC Press. 234-6, 2002
                                          14. Murphey MD et al: Imaging of osteochondroma: variants and complications with radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 20(5):1407-34, 2000
                                          15. Mehta M et al: MR imaging of symptomatic osteochondromas with pathological correlation. Skeletal Radiol. 27(8):427-33, 1998
                                          Related Anatomy
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                                          Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                          References
                                          Tables

                                          Tables

                                          KEY FACTS

                                          • Terminology

                                            • Imaging

                                              • Clinical Issues

                                                • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                  TERMINOLOGY

                                                  • Synonyms

                                                    • Exostosis, solitary osteochondroma, osteocartilaginous exostosis (not recommended)
                                                  • Definitions

                                                    • Cartilage-capped osseous excrescence that has cortical and marrow continuity with bone from which it extends

                                                  IMAGING

                                                  • General Features

                                                    • Radiographic Findings

                                                      • CT Findings

                                                        • MR Findings

                                                          • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                            • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                              • Imaging Recommendations

                                                                DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                  PATHOLOGY

                                                                  • General Features

                                                                    • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                      • Microscopic Features

                                                                        CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                        • Presentation

                                                                          • Demographics

                                                                            • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                              • Treatment

                                                                                DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                                • Consider

                                                                                  Selected References

                                                                                  1. Tepelenis K et al: Osteochondromas: an updated review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, radiological features and treatment options. In Vivo. 35(2):681-91, 2021
                                                                                  2. Bovée JVMG et al: Osteochondroma. In Fletcher CDM et al: World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. IARC Press. 356-8, 2020
                                                                                  3. Gould ES et al: Osteochondroma of the hip with adjacent bursal chondromatosis. Skeletal Radiol. 43(12):1743-8, 2014
                                                                                  4. Zhang Y et al: Solitary C1 spinal osteochondroma causing vertebral artery compression and acute cerebellar infarct. Skeletal Radiol. 44(2):299-302, 2014
                                                                                  5. Kumar R et al: Posttraumatic intramedullary osteochondroma: report of a case. Skeletal Radiol. 42(5):725-8, 2013
                                                                                  6. Bernard SA et al: Improved differentiation of benign osteochondromas from secondary chondrosarcomas with standardized measurement of cartilage cap at CT and MR imaging. Radiology. 255(3):857-65, 2010
                                                                                  7. Tubbs RS et al: Cervical osteochondroma with postoperative recurrence: case report and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst. 26(1):101-4, 2010
                                                                                  8. Asmat A et al: Spontaneous haemothorax from an osteochondroma. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 36(2):394, 2009
                                                                                  9. Chazono M et al: Dumbbell-shaped osteochondroma of the fifth rib causing spinal cord compression. J Orthop Sci. 14(3):336-8, 2009
                                                                                  10. Mnif H et al: Peroneal nerve palsy resulting from fibular head osteochondroma. Orthopedics. 32(7):528, 2009
                                                                                  11. Yunoki J et al: Popliteal artery stenosis secondary to osteochondroma. J Vasc Surg. 50(3):667, 2009
                                                                                  12. Bernard SA et al: Cartilage cap thickness measurement on T2-weighted MRI imaging and the risk of secondary chondrosarcoma in osteochondromas. Presented at Society of Skeletal Radiologists. March, 2008
                                                                                  13. Khurana J. et al: Osteochondroma. In Fletcher CDM et al: World Health Organization Classification of Tumors: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. IARC Press. 234-6, 2002
                                                                                  14. Murphey MD et al: Imaging of osteochondroma: variants and complications with radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 20(5):1407-34, 2000
                                                                                  15. Mehta M et al: MR imaging of symptomatic osteochondromas with pathological correlation. Skeletal Radiol. 27(8):427-33, 1998