Cartilage-capped osseous excrescence contiguous with parent bone
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Jackson TJ et al: Is Routine spine MRI necessary in skeletally immature patients with MHE? Identifying patients at risk for spinal osteochondromas. J Pediatr Orthop. 39(2):e147-52, 2019
Akhaddar A et al: Multiple hereditary exostoses with tetraparesis due to cervical spine osteochondroma. World Neurosurg. 116:247-8, 2018
Ganesh S et al: Solitary facet joint osteochondroma of the upper thoracic spine: an unusual cause of cord compression in the pediatric age group. Neurol India. 66(2):555-6, 2018
Garg B et al: Solitary anterior osteochondroma of cervical spine: an unusual cause of dysphagia and review of literature. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 9(Suppl 2):S5-S7, 2018
Yakkanti R et al: Solitary osteochondroma of the spine-a case series: review of solitary osteochondroma with myelopathic symptoms. Global Spine J. 8(4):323-39, 2018
Raswan US et al: A solitary osteochondroma of the cervical spine: a case report and review of literature. Childs Nerv Syst. 33(6):1019-22, 2017
Akhaddar A et al: Solitary osteochondroma of the cervical spine presenting as recurrent torticollis. Pan Afr Med J. 17:271, 2014
Ruivo C et al: Spinal chondrosarcoma arising from a solitary lumbar osteochondroma. JBR-BTR. 97(1):21-4, 2014
Rustagi T et al: C2 compressive osteochondroma with transient neurologic symptoms in a pediatric patient. Spine J. 14(10):2516-7, 2014
Aldea S et al: Acute spinal cord compression in hereditary multiple exostoses. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 148(2):195-8; discussion 198, 2006
Maheshwari AV et al: Osteochondroma of C7 vertebra presenting as compressive myelopathy in a patient with nonhereditary (nonfamilial/sporadic) multiple exostoses. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 126(10):654-9, 2006
Moon KS et al: Osteochondroma of the cervical spine extending multiple segments with cord compression. Pediatr Neurosurg. 42(5):304-7, 2006
Kouwenhoven JW et al: Headache due to an osteochondroma of the axis. Eur Spine J. 13(8):746-9, 2004
Taitz J et al: Osteochondroma after total body irradiation: an age-related complication. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 42(3):225-9, 2004
Akagi S et al: Osteochondroma of the upper cervical spine presenting as vertigo. Orthopedics. 26(2):187-8, 2003
Fiechtl JF et al: Spinal osteochondroma presenting as atypical spinal curvature: a case report. Spine. 28(13):E252-5, 2003
Jones KB et al: Of hedgehogs and hereditary bone tumors: re-examination of the pathogenesis of osteochondromas. Iowa Orthop J. 23:87-95, 2003
Cirak B et al: Cervical osteochondroma as a cause of spinal cord compression in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses: computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Australas Radiol. 46(3):309-11, 2002
Gorospe L et al: Radiation-induced osteochondroma of the T4 vertebra causing spinal cord compression. Eur Radiol. 12(4):844-8, 2002
Pierz KA et al: Hereditary multiple exostoses: one center's experience and review of etiology. Clin Orthop. (401):49-59, 2002
Sharma MC et al: Osteochondroma of the spine: an enigmatic tumor of the spinal cord. A series of 10 cases. J Neurosurg Sci. 46(2):66-70; discussion 70, 2002
Jose Alcaraz Mexia M et al: Osteochondroma of the thoracic spine and scoliosis. Spine. 26(9):1082-5, 2001
Murphey MD et al: Imaging of osteochondroma: variants and complications with radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 20(5):1407-34, 2000
Ratliff J et al: Osteochondroma of the C5 lamina with cord compression: case report and review of the literature. Spine. 25(10):1293-5, 2000
Silber JS et al: A solitary osteochondroma of the pediatric thoracic spine: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Orthop. 29(9):711-4, 2000
Wuyts W et al: Molecular basis of multiple exostoses: mutations in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes. Hum Mutat. 15(3):220-7, 2000
Govender S et al: Osteochondroma with compression of the spinal cord. A report of two cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 81(4):667-9, 1999
Mikawa Y et al: Cervical spinal cord compression in hereditary multiple exostoses. Report of a case and a review of the literature. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 116(1-2):112-5, 1997
Okuyama K et al: Huge solitary osteochondroma at T11 level causing myelopathy: case report. Spinal Cord. 35(11):773-6, 1997
Murphey MD et al: From the archives of the AFIP. Primary tumors of the spine: radiologic pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 16(5):1131-58, 1996
Morikawa M et al: Osteochondroma of the cervical spine. MR findings. Clin Imaging. 19(4):275-8, 1995
Cartilage-capped osseous excrescence contiguous with parent bone
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Jackson TJ et al: Is Routine spine MRI necessary in skeletally immature patients with MHE? Identifying patients at risk for spinal osteochondromas. J Pediatr Orthop. 39(2):e147-52, 2019
Akhaddar A et al: Multiple hereditary exostoses with tetraparesis due to cervical spine osteochondroma. World Neurosurg. 116:247-8, 2018
Ganesh S et al: Solitary facet joint osteochondroma of the upper thoracic spine: an unusual cause of cord compression in the pediatric age group. Neurol India. 66(2):555-6, 2018
Garg B et al: Solitary anterior osteochondroma of cervical spine: an unusual cause of dysphagia and review of literature. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 9(Suppl 2):S5-S7, 2018
Yakkanti R et al: Solitary osteochondroma of the spine-a case series: review of solitary osteochondroma with myelopathic symptoms. Global Spine J. 8(4):323-39, 2018
Raswan US et al: A solitary osteochondroma of the cervical spine: a case report and review of literature. Childs Nerv Syst. 33(6):1019-22, 2017
Akhaddar A et al: Solitary osteochondroma of the cervical spine presenting as recurrent torticollis. Pan Afr Med J. 17:271, 2014
Ruivo C et al: Spinal chondrosarcoma arising from a solitary lumbar osteochondroma. JBR-BTR. 97(1):21-4, 2014
Rustagi T et al: C2 compressive osteochondroma with transient neurologic symptoms in a pediatric patient. Spine J. 14(10):2516-7, 2014
Aldea S et al: Acute spinal cord compression in hereditary multiple exostoses. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 148(2):195-8; discussion 198, 2006
Maheshwari AV et al: Osteochondroma of C7 vertebra presenting as compressive myelopathy in a patient with nonhereditary (nonfamilial/sporadic) multiple exostoses. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 126(10):654-9, 2006
Moon KS et al: Osteochondroma of the cervical spine extending multiple segments with cord compression. Pediatr Neurosurg. 42(5):304-7, 2006
Kouwenhoven JW et al: Headache due to an osteochondroma of the axis. Eur Spine J. 13(8):746-9, 2004
Taitz J et al: Osteochondroma after total body irradiation: an age-related complication. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 42(3):225-9, 2004
Akagi S et al: Osteochondroma of the upper cervical spine presenting as vertigo. Orthopedics. 26(2):187-8, 2003
Fiechtl JF et al: Spinal osteochondroma presenting as atypical spinal curvature: a case report. Spine. 28(13):E252-5, 2003
Jones KB et al: Of hedgehogs and hereditary bone tumors: re-examination of the pathogenesis of osteochondromas. Iowa Orthop J. 23:87-95, 2003
Cirak B et al: Cervical osteochondroma as a cause of spinal cord compression in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses: computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Australas Radiol. 46(3):309-11, 2002
Gorospe L et al: Radiation-induced osteochondroma of the T4 vertebra causing spinal cord compression. Eur Radiol. 12(4):844-8, 2002
Pierz KA et al: Hereditary multiple exostoses: one center's experience and review of etiology. Clin Orthop. (401):49-59, 2002
Sharma MC et al: Osteochondroma of the spine: an enigmatic tumor of the spinal cord. A series of 10 cases. J Neurosurg Sci. 46(2):66-70; discussion 70, 2002
Jose Alcaraz Mexia M et al: Osteochondroma of the thoracic spine and scoliosis. Spine. 26(9):1082-5, 2001
Murphey MD et al: Imaging of osteochondroma: variants and complications with radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 20(5):1407-34, 2000
Ratliff J et al: Osteochondroma of the C5 lamina with cord compression: case report and review of the literature. Spine. 25(10):1293-5, 2000
Silber JS et al: A solitary osteochondroma of the pediatric thoracic spine: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Orthop. 29(9):711-4, 2000
Wuyts W et al: Molecular basis of multiple exostoses: mutations in the EXT1 and EXT2 genes. Hum Mutat. 15(3):220-7, 2000
Govender S et al: Osteochondroma with compression of the spinal cord. A report of two cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 81(4):667-9, 1999
Mikawa Y et al: Cervical spinal cord compression in hereditary multiple exostoses. Report of a case and a review of the literature. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 116(1-2):112-5, 1997
Okuyama K et al: Huge solitary osteochondroma at T11 level causing myelopathy: case report. Spinal Cord. 35(11):773-6, 1997
Murphey MD et al: From the archives of the AFIP. Primary tumors of the spine: radiologic pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 16(5):1131-58, 1996
Morikawa M et al: Osteochondroma of the cervical spine. MR findings. Clin Imaging. 19(4):275-8, 1995
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