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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Follicle, functional or follicular cyst, ovulatory cyst
Definitions
- Well-marginated, round or ovoid structure within or at borders of ovary; no solid component
- No fat, Ca²⁺, or septa
- Thin, imperceptible wall (< 3 mm thick)
- May appear more complex after internal hemorrhage
- No internal vascularity on color Doppler imaging
- Definitions of different cyst types & their sizes vary
- Follicle
- Generally < 1 cm in diameter
- Dominant follicle may measure up to 3 cm
- Functional cysts
- Corpus luteal cyst
- After ovulation, dominant follicle becomes corpus luteal cyst
- Usually < 3 cm, though can be much larger
- Follicular cyst
- Occurs when normal mature follicle fails to involute
- Usually 3-10 cm
- Corpus luteal cyst
- Hemorrhagic cyst
- Hemorrhage occurs into one of above
- Follicle
- Well-marginated, round or ovoid structure within or at borders of ovary; no solid component
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Bronstein ME et al: A meta-analysis of B-mode ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound, and computed tomography to diagnose pediatric ovarian torsion. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 25(1):82-6, 2015
- Cho MJ et al: Ovarian cyst aspiration in the neonate: minimally invasive surgery. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 28(5):348-53, 2015
- Ngo AV et al: Pediatric ovarian torsion: a pictorial review. Pediatr Radiol. 45(12):1845-55; quiz 1842-4, 2015
- Asăvoaie C et al: Ovarian and uterine ultrasonography in pediatric patients. Pictorial essay. Med Ultrason. 16(2):160-7, 2014
- Papic JC et al: Management of neonatal ovarian cysts and its effect on ovarian preservation. J Pediatr Surg. 49(6):990-3; discussion 993-4, 2014
- Youngster M et al: Utility of ultrasound in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. Fertil Steril. 102(5):1432-8, 2014
- Tessiatore P et al: When to operate on ovarian cysts in children? J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 25(5-6):427-33, 2012
- Muolokwu E et al: The incidence and surgical management of paratubal cysts in a pediatric and adolescent population. J Pediatr Surg. 46(11):2161-3, 2011
- Levine D et al: Management of asymptomatic ovarian and other adnexal cysts imaged at US: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference Statement. Radiology. 256(3):943-54, 2010
- Bekiesińska-Figatowska M et al: Magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic tool in case of ovarian masses in girls and young women. Med Sci Monit. 13 Suppl 1:116-20, 2007
- Brandt ML et al: Ovarian cysts in infants and children. Semin Pediatr Surg. 14(2):78-85, 2005
- Borders RJ et al: Computed tomography of corpus luteal cysts. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 28(3):340-2, 2004
- Strickland JL: Ovarian cysts in neonates, children and adolescents. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 14(5):459-65, 2002
- Cohen HL et al: Ovarian cysts are common in premenarchal girls: a sonographic study of 101 children 2-12 years old. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 159(1):89-91, 1992
- Surratt JT et al: Imaging of pediatric ovarian masses. Radiographics. 11(4):533-48, 1991
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Follicle, functional or follicular cyst, ovulatory cyst
Definitions
- Well-marginated, round or ovoid structure within or at borders of ovary; no solid component
- No fat, Ca²⁺, or septa
- Thin, imperceptible wall (< 3 mm thick)
- May appear more complex after internal hemorrhage
- No internal vascularity on color Doppler imaging
- Definitions of different cyst types & their sizes vary
- Follicle
- Generally < 1 cm in diameter
- Dominant follicle may measure up to 3 cm
- Functional cysts
- Corpus luteal cyst
- After ovulation, dominant follicle becomes corpus luteal cyst
- Usually < 3 cm, though can be much larger
- Follicular cyst
- Occurs when normal mature follicle fails to involute
- Usually 3-10 cm
- Corpus luteal cyst
- Hemorrhagic cyst
- Hemorrhage occurs into one of above
- Follicle
- Well-marginated, round or ovoid structure within or at borders of ovary; no solid component
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Bronstein ME et al: A meta-analysis of B-mode ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound, and computed tomography to diagnose pediatric ovarian torsion. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 25(1):82-6, 2015
- Cho MJ et al: Ovarian cyst aspiration in the neonate: minimally invasive surgery. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 28(5):348-53, 2015
- Ngo AV et al: Pediatric ovarian torsion: a pictorial review. Pediatr Radiol. 45(12):1845-55; quiz 1842-4, 2015
- Asăvoaie C et al: Ovarian and uterine ultrasonography in pediatric patients. Pictorial essay. Med Ultrason. 16(2):160-7, 2014
- Papic JC et al: Management of neonatal ovarian cysts and its effect on ovarian preservation. J Pediatr Surg. 49(6):990-3; discussion 993-4, 2014
- Youngster M et al: Utility of ultrasound in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. Fertil Steril. 102(5):1432-8, 2014
- Tessiatore P et al: When to operate on ovarian cysts in children? J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 25(5-6):427-33, 2012
- Muolokwu E et al: The incidence and surgical management of paratubal cysts in a pediatric and adolescent population. J Pediatr Surg. 46(11):2161-3, 2011
- Levine D et al: Management of asymptomatic ovarian and other adnexal cysts imaged at US: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference Statement. Radiology. 256(3):943-54, 2010
- Bekiesińska-Figatowska M et al: Magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic tool in case of ovarian masses in girls and young women. Med Sci Monit. 13 Suppl 1:116-20, 2007
- Brandt ML et al: Ovarian cysts in infants and children. Semin Pediatr Surg. 14(2):78-85, 2005
- Borders RJ et al: Computed tomography of corpus luteal cysts. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 28(3):340-2, 2004
- Strickland JL: Ovarian cysts in neonates, children and adolescents. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 14(5):459-65, 2002
- Cohen HL et al: Ovarian cysts are common in premenarchal girls: a sonographic study of 101 children 2-12 years old. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 159(1):89-91, 1992
- Surratt JT et al: Imaging of pediatric ovarian masses. Radiographics. 11(4):533-48, 1991
