Paraganglioma presenting as intradural extramedullary mass within cauda equina
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Nuclear Medicine Findings
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DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Pipola V et al: Paraganglioma of the spine: q twenty-years clinical experience of a high volume tumor center. J Clin Neurosci. 66:7-11, 2019
Yin M et al: Clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of spinal paraganglioma: a case series of 18 patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 158:20-26, 2017
Mishra T et al: Primary paraganglioma of the spine: a clinicopathological study of eight cases. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine. 5(1):20-4, 2014
Simpson LN et al: Catecholamine-secreting paraganglioma of the thoracic spinal column: report of an unusual case and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 70(4):E1049-52; discussion E1052, 2012
Ardon H et al: Paraganglioma of the cauda equina region: a report of three cases. Surg Neurol Int. 2:96, 2011
Makhdoomi R et al: Primary spinal paragangliomas: a review. Neurosurgery Quarterly. 19(3):196-9, 2009
Rodesch G et al: Embolization of intradural vascular spinal cord tumors : report of five cases and review of the literature. Neuroradiology. 50(2):145-51, 2008
Aydin AL et al: Chemodectoma presenting with dorsal vertebral metastasis. Neurosurgery Quarterly. 16(1):32-4, 2006
Walsh JC et al: Paraganglioma of the cauda equina: a case report and literature review. Surgeon. 3(2):113-6, 2005
Sankhla S et al: Cauda equina paraganglioma presenting with intracranial hypertension: case report and review of the literature. Neurol India. 52(2):243-4, 2004
Jeffs GJ et al: Functioning paraganglioma of the thoracic spine: case report. Neurosurgery. 53(4):992-4; discussion 954-5, 2003
Lazaro B et al: Malignant paraganglioma with vertebral metastasis: case report. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 61(2B):463-7, 2003
Houten JK et al: Thoracic paraganglioma presenting with spinal cord compression and metastases. J Spinal Disord Tech. 15(4):319-23, 2002
U-King-Im JM et al: Vertebral metastatic chemodectoma: imaging and therapeutic octreotide. Case report. J Neurosurg. 97(1 Suppl):106-9, 2002
Kim SH et al: Oncocytoma of the spinal cord. Case report. J Neurosurg. 94(2 Suppl):310-2, 2001
Lalloo ST et al: Clinics in diagnostic imaging (68). Intradural extramedullary spinal paraganglioma. Singapore Med J. 42(12):592-5, 2001
Masuoka J et al: Germline SDHD mutation in paraganglioma of the spinal cord. Oncogene. 20(36):5084-6, 2001
Shin JY et al: MR findings of the spinal paraganglioma : report of three cases. J Korean Med Sci. 16(4):522-6, 2001
Hamilton MA et al: Metastatic paraganglioma causing spinal cord compression. Br J Radiol. 73(872):901-4, 2000
Taira H et al: MR appearance of paraganglioma of the cauda equina. Case reports. Acta Radiol. 41(1):27-30, 2000
Arbelaez A et al: Hemangioblastoma of the filum terminale: MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 173(3):857-8, 1999
Sundgren P et al: Paragangliomas of the spinal canal. Neuroradiology. 41(10):788-94, 1999
Tibbs RE Jr et al: Hemangioblastoma of the filum terminale: case report. Neurosurgery. 44(1):221-3, 1999
Ashkenazi E et al: Paraganglioma of the filum terminale: case report and literature review. J Spinal Disord. 11(6):540-2, 1998
Herman M et al: Paraganglioma of the cauda equina: case report and review of the MRI features. Acta Univ Palacki Olomuc Fac Med. 141:27-30, 1998
Paleologos TS et al: Paraganglioma of the cauda equina: a case presenting features of increased intracranial pressure. J Spinal Disord. 11(4):362-5, 1998
Faro SH et al: Paraganglioma of the cauda equina with associated intramedullary cyst: MR findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 18(8):1588-90, 1997
Hopster DJ et al: Widespread neuroendocrine malignancy within the central nervous system: a diagnostic conundrum. J Clin Pathol. 50(5):440-2, 1997
Moran CA et al: Primary spinal paragangliomas: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 30 cases. Histopathology. 31(2):167-73, 1997
Boncoeur-Martel MP et al: MRI of paraganglioma of the filum terminale. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 20(1):162-5, 1996
Campbell L et al: Improved detection of disseminated pheochromocytoma using post therapy I-131 MIBG scanning. Clin Nucl Med. 21(12):960-3, 1996
Fitzgerald LF et al: Paraganglioma of the thoracic spinal cord. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 98(2):183-5, 1996
Rees JH et al: Paragangliomas of the cauda equina. IJNR 2: 242-50, 1996
Roche PH et al: Cauda equina paraganglioma with subsequent intracranial and intraspinal metastases. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 138(4):475-9, 1996
Brodkey JA et al: Metastatic paraganglioma causing spinal cord compression. Spine. 20(3):367-72, 1995
Patel SR et al: A 15-year experience with chemotherapy of patients with paraganglioma. Cancer. 76(8):1476-80, 1995
Steel TR et al: Paraganglioma of the cauda equina with associated syringomyelia: case report. Surg Neurol. 42(6):489-93, 1994
Boukobza M et al: Paraganglioma of the cauda equina: magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroradiology. 35(6):459-60, 1993
Singh RV et al: Paraganglioma of the cauda equina: a case report and review of the literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 95(2):109-13, 1993
Massey V et al: Treatment of metastatic chemodectoma. Cancer. 69(3):790-2, 1992
Pande AK: Malignant pheochromocytoma. Int J Cardiol. 34(3):346-8, 1992
Cybulski GR et al: Spinal cord compression from a thoracic paraganglioma: case report. Neurosurgery. 28(2):306-9, 1991
Yoshida A et al: Paraganglioma of the cauda equina. A case report and review of the literature. Acta Pathol Jpn. 41(4):305-10, 1991
North CA et al: Multiple spinal metastases from paraganglioma. Cancer. 66(10):2224-8, 1990
Parnell AP et al: Extradural metastases from paraganglionomas, report of two cases. Clin Radiol. 39(1):65-8, 1988
Sato Y et al: Hippel-Lindau disease: MR imaging. Radiology. 166(1 Pt 1):241-6, 1988
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Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
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Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Glomus tumor
Extraadrenal pheochromocytoma
Chemodectoma
Definitions
Paraganglioma presenting as intradural extramedullary mass within cauda equina
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Pipola V et al: Paraganglioma of the spine: q twenty-years clinical experience of a high volume tumor center. J Clin Neurosci. 66:7-11, 2019
Yin M et al: Clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of spinal paraganglioma: a case series of 18 patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 158:20-26, 2017
Mishra T et al: Primary paraganglioma of the spine: a clinicopathological study of eight cases. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine. 5(1):20-4, 2014
Simpson LN et al: Catecholamine-secreting paraganglioma of the thoracic spinal column: report of an unusual case and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 70(4):E1049-52; discussion E1052, 2012
Ardon H et al: Paraganglioma of the cauda equina region: a report of three cases. Surg Neurol Int. 2:96, 2011
Makhdoomi R et al: Primary spinal paragangliomas: a review. Neurosurgery Quarterly. 19(3):196-9, 2009
Rodesch G et al: Embolization of intradural vascular spinal cord tumors : report of five cases and review of the literature. Neuroradiology. 50(2):145-51, 2008
Aydin AL et al: Chemodectoma presenting with dorsal vertebral metastasis. Neurosurgery Quarterly. 16(1):32-4, 2006
Walsh JC et al: Paraganglioma of the cauda equina: a case report and literature review. Surgeon. 3(2):113-6, 2005
Sankhla S et al: Cauda equina paraganglioma presenting with intracranial hypertension: case report and review of the literature. Neurol India. 52(2):243-4, 2004
Jeffs GJ et al: Functioning paraganglioma of the thoracic spine: case report. Neurosurgery. 53(4):992-4; discussion 954-5, 2003
Lazaro B et al: Malignant paraganglioma with vertebral metastasis: case report. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 61(2B):463-7, 2003
Houten JK et al: Thoracic paraganglioma presenting with spinal cord compression and metastases. J Spinal Disord Tech. 15(4):319-23, 2002
U-King-Im JM et al: Vertebral metastatic chemodectoma: imaging and therapeutic octreotide. Case report. J Neurosurg. 97(1 Suppl):106-9, 2002
Kim SH et al: Oncocytoma of the spinal cord. Case report. J Neurosurg. 94(2 Suppl):310-2, 2001
Lalloo ST et al: Clinics in diagnostic imaging (68). Intradural extramedullary spinal paraganglioma. Singapore Med J. 42(12):592-5, 2001
Masuoka J et al: Germline SDHD mutation in paraganglioma of the spinal cord. Oncogene. 20(36):5084-6, 2001
Shin JY et al: MR findings of the spinal paraganglioma : report of three cases. J Korean Med Sci. 16(4):522-6, 2001
Hamilton MA et al: Metastatic paraganglioma causing spinal cord compression. Br J Radiol. 73(872):901-4, 2000
Taira H et al: MR appearance of paraganglioma of the cauda equina. Case reports. Acta Radiol. 41(1):27-30, 2000
Arbelaez A et al: Hemangioblastoma of the filum terminale: MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 173(3):857-8, 1999
Sundgren P et al: Paragangliomas of the spinal canal. Neuroradiology. 41(10):788-94, 1999
Tibbs RE Jr et al: Hemangioblastoma of the filum terminale: case report. Neurosurgery. 44(1):221-3, 1999
Ashkenazi E et al: Paraganglioma of the filum terminale: case report and literature review. J Spinal Disord. 11(6):540-2, 1998
Herman M et al: Paraganglioma of the cauda equina: case report and review of the MRI features. Acta Univ Palacki Olomuc Fac Med. 141:27-30, 1998
Paleologos TS et al: Paraganglioma of the cauda equina: a case presenting features of increased intracranial pressure. J Spinal Disord. 11(4):362-5, 1998
Faro SH et al: Paraganglioma of the cauda equina with associated intramedullary cyst: MR findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 18(8):1588-90, 1997
Hopster DJ et al: Widespread neuroendocrine malignancy within the central nervous system: a diagnostic conundrum. J Clin Pathol. 50(5):440-2, 1997
Moran CA et al: Primary spinal paragangliomas: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 30 cases. Histopathology. 31(2):167-73, 1997
Boncoeur-Martel MP et al: MRI of paraganglioma of the filum terminale. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 20(1):162-5, 1996
Campbell L et al: Improved detection of disseminated pheochromocytoma using post therapy I-131 MIBG scanning. Clin Nucl Med. 21(12):960-3, 1996
Fitzgerald LF et al: Paraganglioma of the thoracic spinal cord. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 98(2):183-5, 1996
Rees JH et al: Paragangliomas of the cauda equina. IJNR 2: 242-50, 1996
Roche PH et al: Cauda equina paraganglioma with subsequent intracranial and intraspinal metastases. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 138(4):475-9, 1996
Brodkey JA et al: Metastatic paraganglioma causing spinal cord compression. Spine. 20(3):367-72, 1995
Patel SR et al: A 15-year experience with chemotherapy of patients with paraganglioma. Cancer. 76(8):1476-80, 1995
Steel TR et al: Paraganglioma of the cauda equina with associated syringomyelia: case report. Surg Neurol. 42(6):489-93, 1994
Boukobza M et al: Paraganglioma of the cauda equina: magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroradiology. 35(6):459-60, 1993
Singh RV et al: Paraganglioma of the cauda equina: a case report and review of the literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 95(2):109-13, 1993
Massey V et al: Treatment of metastatic chemodectoma. Cancer. 69(3):790-2, 1992
Pande AK: Malignant pheochromocytoma. Int J Cardiol. 34(3):346-8, 1992
Cybulski GR et al: Spinal cord compression from a thoracic paraganglioma: case report. Neurosurgery. 28(2):306-9, 1991
Yoshida A et al: Paraganglioma of the cauda equina. A case report and review of the literature. Acta Pathol Jpn. 41(4):305-10, 1991
North CA et al: Multiple spinal metastases from paraganglioma. Cancer. 66(10):2224-8, 1990
Parnell AP et al: Extradural metastases from paraganglionomas, report of two cases. Clin Radiol. 39(1):65-8, 1988
Sato Y et al: Hippel-Lindau disease: MR imaging. Radiology. 166(1 Pt 1):241-6, 1988
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