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Parotid Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            • Diagnostic Checklist

              TERMINOLOGY

              • Abbreviations

                • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
                • Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma
              • Definitions

                • 3 forms of parotid involvement with NHL
                  • Nodal NHL
                    • Primary nodal NHL
                    • Systemic NHL involving parotid nodes
                  • Primary parenchymal lymphoma
                    • Most often MALT-type NHL

              IMAGING

              • General Features

                • CT Findings

                  • MR Findings

                    • Ultrasonographic Findings

                      • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                        • Other Modality Findings

                          • Imaging Recommendations

                            DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                              PATHOLOGY

                              • General Features

                                • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                  • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                    • Microscopic Features

                                      CLINICAL ISSUES

                                      • Presentation

                                        • Demographics

                                          • Natural History & Prognosis

                                            • Treatment

                                              DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                              • Consider

                                                • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                  Selected References

                                                  1. Baer AN et al: Ultrasound-guided biopsy of suspected salivary gland lymphoma in Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 73(6):849-85, 2021
                                                  2. Alnoor FNU et al: Prevalence of lymphoid neoplasia in a retrospective analysis of Warthin tumor: A single institution experience. Head Neck Pathol. 14(4):944-50, 2020
                                                  3. Pietragalla M et al: The role of diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast enhancement perfusion-weighted imaging in the evaluation of salivary glands neoplasms. Radiol Med.125(9):851-63, 2020
                                                  4. Sebastian A et al: Prevalence and clinical presentation of lymphoproliferative disorder in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatol Int. 40(3):399-404, 2020
                                                  5. Travaglino A et al: Sjögren syndrome in primary salivary gland lymphoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Pathol. 153(6):719-24, 2020
                                                  6. Carotti M et al: Diagnostic value of major salivary gland ultrasonography in primary Sjögren's syndrome: the role of grey-scale and colour/power Doppler sonography. Gland Surg. 8(Suppl 3):S159-67, 2019
                                                  7. Elmokadem AH et al: Diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for differentiation between parotid neoplasms. Can Assoc Radiol J. 70(3):264-72, 2019
                                                  8. Jinkala SR et al: IgG4-related lymphadenopathy masquerading as Hodgkin lymphoma: lessons from a pathologist's desk. BMJ Case Rep. 12(9), 2019
                                                  9. Jousse-Joulin S et al: Video clip assessment of a salivary gland ultrasound scoring system in Sjögren's syndrome using consensual definitions: an OMERACT ultrasound working group reliability exercise. Ann Rheum Dis. 78(7):967-73, 2019
                                                  10. Retamozo S et al: Prognostic markers of lymphoma development in primary Sjögren syndrome. Lupus. 28(8):923-36, 2019
                                                  11. Fujita A: Imaging of Sjögren Syndrome and Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease of the Salivary Glands. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 28(2):183-97, 2018
                                                  12. Swerdlow SH et al: The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood. 127(20):2375-90, 2016
                                                  13. Makis W et al: Clinical significance of parotid gland incidentalomas on (18)F-FDG PET/CT. Clin Imaging. 39(4):667-71, 2015
                                                  14. Cheson BD et al: Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Lugano classification. J Clin Oncol. 32(27):3059-68, 2014
                                                  15. Liang Y et al: Primary Sjogren's syndrome and malignancy risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 73(6):1151-6, 2014
                                                  16. Cohen C et al: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computer tomography as an objective tool for assessing disease activity in Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev. 12(11):1109-14, 2013
                                                  17. Feinstein AJ et al: Parotid gland lymphoma: prognostic analysis of 2140 patients. Laryngoscope. 123(5):1199-203, 2013
                                                  18. Zhu L et al: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the parotid gland: CT and MR imaging findings. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 42(9):20130046, 2013
                                                  19. Kato H et al: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the salivary glands: MR imaging findings including diffusion-weighted imaging. Eur J Radiol. 81(4):e612-7, 2012
                                                  20. Crampsey DP et al: Parotid lymphoma in west Scotland: two-year 'snapshot' of diagnosis, management and core issues. J Laryngol Otol. 123(11):1237-41, 2009
                                                  21. Miyagi T et al: Extranodal adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma of the head and neck: a clinicopathological study of nine cases and a review of the literature. Leuk Lymphoma. 50(2):187-95, 2009
                                                  22. Aiken AH et al: Imaging Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the head and neck. Radiol Clin North Am. 46(2):363-78, ix-x, 2008
                                                  23. Just PA et al: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in AIDS-related Burkitt lymphoma. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 22(9):695-700, 2008
                                                  24. Ando M et al: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma presented as diffuse swelling of the parotid gland. Am J Otolaryngol. 26(4):285-8, 2005
                                                  25. Hafner JW et al: Childhood primary parotid non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with direct intracranial extension: a case report. Ear Nose Throat J. 83(12):828-30, 843, 2004
                                                  26. Olivier KR et al: Efficacy and treatment-related toxicity of radiotherapy for early-stage primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the parotid gland. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 60(5):1510-4, 2004
                                                  27. Gasparotto D et al: Extrasalivary lymphoma development in Sjogren's syndrome: clonal evolution from parotid gland lymphoproliferation and role of local triggering. Arthritis Rheum. 48(11):3181-6, 2003
                                                  28. Hamilton BE et al: Earring lesions of the parotid tail. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(9):1757-64, 2003
                                                  29. Murga Penas EM et al: Translocations t(11;18)(q21;q21) and t(14;18)(q32;q21) are the main chromosomal abnormalities involving MLT/MALT1 in MALT lymphomas. Leukemia. 17(11):2225-9, 2003
                                                  30. Zeebregts CJ et al: Synchronous tumours of the unilateral parotid gland: rare or undetected? J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 31(1):62-6, 2003
                                                  31. Eichhorn KW et al: Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mimicking a benign parotid tumor: sonographic findings. J Clin Ultrasound. 30(1):42-4, 2002
                                                  32. Hew WS et al: Primary T cell lymphoma of salivary gland: a report of a case and review of the literature. J Clin Pathol. 55(1):61-3, 2002
                                                  33. Liao SL et al: Results of radiotherapy for orbital and adnexal lymphoma. Orbit. 21(2):117-23, 2002
                                                  34. Stein ME et al: Diagnosis and treatment of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the parotid gland: a retrospective study - Experience at the Northern Israel Oncology Center (1977-1999). J BUON. 7(3):229-33, 2002
                                                  35. Yencha MW: Primary parotid gland Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 111(4):338-42, 2002
                                                  36. Abbondanzo SL: Extranodal marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma of the salivary gland. Ann Diagn Pathol. 5(4):246-54, 2001
                                                  37. Epstein JB et al: Characteristics of oral and paraoral malignant lymphoma: a population-based review of 361 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 92(5):519-25, 2001
                                                  38. Kojima M et al: Follicular lymphoma of the salivary gland: a clinicopathological and molecular study of six cases. Int J Surg Pathol. 9(4):287-93, 2001
                                                  Related Anatomy
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                                                  Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                                  References
                                                  Tables

                                                  Tables

                                                  KEY FACTS

                                                  • Terminology

                                                    • Imaging

                                                      • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                        • Pathology

                                                          • Clinical Issues

                                                            • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                              TERMINOLOGY

                                                              • Abbreviations

                                                                • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
                                                                • Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma
                                                              • Definitions

                                                                • 3 forms of parotid involvement with NHL
                                                                  • Nodal NHL
                                                                    • Primary nodal NHL
                                                                    • Systemic NHL involving parotid nodes
                                                                  • Primary parenchymal lymphoma
                                                                    • Most often MALT-type NHL

                                                              IMAGING

                                                              • General Features

                                                                • CT Findings

                                                                  • MR Findings

                                                                    • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                                      • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                                        • Other Modality Findings

                                                                          • Imaging Recommendations

                                                                            DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                              PATHOLOGY

                                                                              • General Features

                                                                                • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                                  • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                                    • Microscopic Features

                                                                                      CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                                      • Presentation

                                                                                        • Demographics

                                                                                          • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                                            • Treatment

                                                                                              DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                                              • Consider

                                                                                                • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                                  Selected References

                                                                                                  1. Baer AN et al: Ultrasound-guided biopsy of suspected salivary gland lymphoma in Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 73(6):849-85, 2021
                                                                                                  2. Alnoor FNU et al: Prevalence of lymphoid neoplasia in a retrospective analysis of Warthin tumor: A single institution experience. Head Neck Pathol. 14(4):944-50, 2020
                                                                                                  3. Pietragalla M et al: The role of diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast enhancement perfusion-weighted imaging in the evaluation of salivary glands neoplasms. Radiol Med.125(9):851-63, 2020
                                                                                                  4. Sebastian A et al: Prevalence and clinical presentation of lymphoproliferative disorder in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatol Int. 40(3):399-404, 2020
                                                                                                  5. Travaglino A et al: Sjögren syndrome in primary salivary gland lymphoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Pathol. 153(6):719-24, 2020
                                                                                                  6. Carotti M et al: Diagnostic value of major salivary gland ultrasonography in primary Sjögren's syndrome: the role of grey-scale and colour/power Doppler sonography. Gland Surg. 8(Suppl 3):S159-67, 2019
                                                                                                  7. Elmokadem AH et al: Diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for differentiation between parotid neoplasms. Can Assoc Radiol J. 70(3):264-72, 2019
                                                                                                  8. Jinkala SR et al: IgG4-related lymphadenopathy masquerading as Hodgkin lymphoma: lessons from a pathologist's desk. BMJ Case Rep. 12(9), 2019
                                                                                                  9. Jousse-Joulin S et al: Video clip assessment of a salivary gland ultrasound scoring system in Sjögren's syndrome using consensual definitions: an OMERACT ultrasound working group reliability exercise. Ann Rheum Dis. 78(7):967-73, 2019
                                                                                                  10. Retamozo S et al: Prognostic markers of lymphoma development in primary Sjögren syndrome. Lupus. 28(8):923-36, 2019
                                                                                                  11. Fujita A: Imaging of Sjögren Syndrome and Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease of the Salivary Glands. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 28(2):183-97, 2018
                                                                                                  12. Swerdlow SH et al: The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood. 127(20):2375-90, 2016
                                                                                                  13. Makis W et al: Clinical significance of parotid gland incidentalomas on (18)F-FDG PET/CT. Clin Imaging. 39(4):667-71, 2015
                                                                                                  14. Cheson BD et al: Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Lugano classification. J Clin Oncol. 32(27):3059-68, 2014
                                                                                                  15. Liang Y et al: Primary Sjogren's syndrome and malignancy risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 73(6):1151-6, 2014
                                                                                                  16. Cohen C et al: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computer tomography as an objective tool for assessing disease activity in Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev. 12(11):1109-14, 2013
                                                                                                  17. Feinstein AJ et al: Parotid gland lymphoma: prognostic analysis of 2140 patients. Laryngoscope. 123(5):1199-203, 2013
                                                                                                  18. Zhu L et al: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the parotid gland: CT and MR imaging findings. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 42(9):20130046, 2013
                                                                                                  19. Kato H et al: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the salivary glands: MR imaging findings including diffusion-weighted imaging. Eur J Radiol. 81(4):e612-7, 2012
                                                                                                  20. Crampsey DP et al: Parotid lymphoma in west Scotland: two-year 'snapshot' of diagnosis, management and core issues. J Laryngol Otol. 123(11):1237-41, 2009
                                                                                                  21. Miyagi T et al: Extranodal adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma of the head and neck: a clinicopathological study of nine cases and a review of the literature. Leuk Lymphoma. 50(2):187-95, 2009
                                                                                                  22. Aiken AH et al: Imaging Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the head and neck. Radiol Clin North Am. 46(2):363-78, ix-x, 2008
                                                                                                  23. Just PA et al: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in AIDS-related Burkitt lymphoma. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 22(9):695-700, 2008
                                                                                                  24. Ando M et al: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma presented as diffuse swelling of the parotid gland. Am J Otolaryngol. 26(4):285-8, 2005
                                                                                                  25. Hafner JW et al: Childhood primary parotid non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with direct intracranial extension: a case report. Ear Nose Throat J. 83(12):828-30, 843, 2004
                                                                                                  26. Olivier KR et al: Efficacy and treatment-related toxicity of radiotherapy for early-stage primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the parotid gland. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 60(5):1510-4, 2004
                                                                                                  27. Gasparotto D et al: Extrasalivary lymphoma development in Sjogren's syndrome: clonal evolution from parotid gland lymphoproliferation and role of local triggering. Arthritis Rheum. 48(11):3181-6, 2003
                                                                                                  28. Hamilton BE et al: Earring lesions of the parotid tail. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(9):1757-64, 2003
                                                                                                  29. Murga Penas EM et al: Translocations t(11;18)(q21;q21) and t(14;18)(q32;q21) are the main chromosomal abnormalities involving MLT/MALT1 in MALT lymphomas. Leukemia. 17(11):2225-9, 2003
                                                                                                  30. Zeebregts CJ et al: Synchronous tumours of the unilateral parotid gland: rare or undetected? J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 31(1):62-6, 2003
                                                                                                  31. Eichhorn KW et al: Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mimicking a benign parotid tumor: sonographic findings. J Clin Ultrasound. 30(1):42-4, 2002
                                                                                                  32. Hew WS et al: Primary T cell lymphoma of salivary gland: a report of a case and review of the literature. J Clin Pathol. 55(1):61-3, 2002
                                                                                                  33. Liao SL et al: Results of radiotherapy for orbital and adnexal lymphoma. Orbit. 21(2):117-23, 2002
                                                                                                  34. Stein ME et al: Diagnosis and treatment of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the parotid gland: a retrospective study - Experience at the Northern Israel Oncology Center (1977-1999). J BUON. 7(3):229-33, 2002
                                                                                                  35. Yencha MW: Primary parotid gland Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 111(4):338-42, 2002
                                                                                                  36. Abbondanzo SL: Extranodal marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma of the salivary gland. Ann Diagn Pathol. 5(4):246-54, 2001
                                                                                                  37. Epstein JB et al: Characteristics of oral and paraoral malignant lymphoma: a population-based review of 361 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 92(5):519-25, 2001
                                                                                                  38. Kojima M et al: Follicular lymphoma of the salivary gland: a clinicopathological and molecular study of six cases. Int J Surg Pathol. 9(4):287-93, 2001