Nonneoplastic mass-like accumulation of exfoliated keratin within stratified squamous epithelium, Prussak space origin
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Gulotta G et al: Facial nerve dehiscence and cholesteatoma: a comparison between decades. J Int Adv Otol. 16(3):367-72, 2020
Norris CD et al: Diffusion MR imaging in the head and neck: principles and applications. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 30(3):261-82, 2020
Komori M et al: Practical analysis of pars flaccida cholesteatoma with classification and staging system proposed by Japan Otological Society: a comparative study. Acta Otolaryngol. 138(11):977-80, 2018
Matsuda K et al: Practicality analysis of the staging system proposed by the Japan Otological Society for acquired middle ear cholesteatoma: a multicenter study of 446 surgical cases in Japan. Auris Nasus Larynx. 45(1):45-50, 2018
Rosito LS et al: Classification of cholesteatoma according to growth patterns. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 142(2):168-72, 2016
van Egmond SL et al: A systematic review of non-echo planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for detection of primary and postoperative cholesteatoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 154(2):233-40, 2016
Dündar Y et al: Does diffusion-weighted MR imaging change the follow-up strategy in cases with residual cholesteatoma? J Int Adv Otol. 11(1):58-62, 2015
Garrido L et al: Diagnostic capacity of non-echo planar diffusion-weighted MRI in the detection of primary and recurrent cholesteatoma. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 66(4):199-204, 2015
Jackler RK et al: A new theory on the pathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma: Mucosal traction. Laryngoscope. 125 Suppl 4:S1-14, 2015
Karandikar A et al: Evaluation of cholesteatoma: our experience with DW propeller imaging. Acta Radiol. 56(9):1108-12, 2015
Lincot J et al: Middle ear cholesteatoma: compared diagnostic performances of two incremental MRI protocols including non-echo planar diffusion-weighted imaging acquired on 3T and 1.5T scanners. J Neuroradiol. 42(4):193-201, 2015
Songu M et al: Correlation of computed tomography, echo-planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and surgical outcomes in middle ear cholesteatoma. Acta Otolaryngol. 135(8):776-80, 2015
Yiğiter AC et al: Value of echo-planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for detecting tympanomastoid cholesteatoma. J Int Adv Otol. 11(1):53-7, 2015
Akiyama N et al: Influence of continuous negative pressure in the rat middle ear. Laryngoscope. 124(10):2404-10, 2014
Alvo A et al: Use of non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted MR imaging for the detection of cholesteatomas in high-risk tympanic retraction pockets. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 35(9):1820-4, 2014
Li PM et al: Evaluating the utility of non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging in the preoperative evaluation of cholesteatoma: a meta-analysis. Laryngoscope. 123(5):1247-50, 2013
Karmody CS et al: The pathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma of the human middle ear: support for the migration hypothesis. Otol Neurotol. 33(1):42-7, 2012
Más-Estellés F et al: Contemporary non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging of middle ear cholesteatomas. Radiographics. 32(4):1197-213, 2012
Jeunen G et al: The value of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of residual or recurrent acquired cholesteatoma after canal wall-up tympanoplasty. Otol Neurotol. 29(1):16-8, 2008
De Foer B et al: The value of single-shot turbo spin-echo diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the detection of middle ear cholesteatoma. Neuroradiology. 49(10):841-8, 2007
Persaud R et al: Evidence-based review of aetiopathogenic theories of congenital and acquired cholesteatoma. J Laryngol Otol. 121(11):1013-9, 2007
De Foer B et al: Single-shot, turbo spin-echo, diffusion-weighted imaging versus spin-echo-planar, diffusion-weighted imaging in the detection of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 27(7):1480-2, 2006
Vercruysse JP et al: The value of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the diagnosis of primary acquired and residual cholesteatoma: a surgical verified study of 100 patients. Eur Radiol. 16(7):1461-7, 2006
Watts S et al: A systematic approach to interpretation of computed tomography scans prior to surgery of middle ear cholesteatoma. J Laryngol Otol. 114(4):248-53, 2000
Iino Y et al: Risk factors for recurrent and residual cholesteatoma in children determined by second stage operation. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 46(1-2):57-65, 1998
Robert Y et al: Petrous bone extension of middle-ear acquired cholesteatoma. Acta Radiol. 37(2):166-70, 1996
Mafee MF: MRI and CT in the evaluation of acquired and congenital cholesteatomas of the temporal bone. J Otolaryngol. 22(4):239-48, 1993
Vartiainen E et al: Long-term results of surgical treatment in different cholesteatoma types. Am J Otol. 14(5):507-11, 1993
Chole RA et al: Comparative histology of the tympanic membrane and its relationship to cholesteatoma. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 98(10):761-6, 1989
Swartz JD: Cholesteatomas of the middle ear. Diagnosis, etiology, and complications. Radiol Clin North Am. 22(1):15-35, 1984
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Pars flaccida cholesteatoma (PFC)
Synonyms
Attic or Prussak space cholesteatoma
Primary acquired cholesteatoma
Definitions
Nonneoplastic mass-like accumulation of exfoliated keratin within stratified squamous epithelium, Prussak space origin
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Gulotta G et al: Facial nerve dehiscence and cholesteatoma: a comparison between decades. J Int Adv Otol. 16(3):367-72, 2020
Norris CD et al: Diffusion MR imaging in the head and neck: principles and applications. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 30(3):261-82, 2020
Komori M et al: Practical analysis of pars flaccida cholesteatoma with classification and staging system proposed by Japan Otological Society: a comparative study. Acta Otolaryngol. 138(11):977-80, 2018
Matsuda K et al: Practicality analysis of the staging system proposed by the Japan Otological Society for acquired middle ear cholesteatoma: a multicenter study of 446 surgical cases in Japan. Auris Nasus Larynx. 45(1):45-50, 2018
Rosito LS et al: Classification of cholesteatoma according to growth patterns. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 142(2):168-72, 2016
van Egmond SL et al: A systematic review of non-echo planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for detection of primary and postoperative cholesteatoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 154(2):233-40, 2016
Dündar Y et al: Does diffusion-weighted MR imaging change the follow-up strategy in cases with residual cholesteatoma? J Int Adv Otol. 11(1):58-62, 2015
Garrido L et al: Diagnostic capacity of non-echo planar diffusion-weighted MRI in the detection of primary and recurrent cholesteatoma. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 66(4):199-204, 2015
Jackler RK et al: A new theory on the pathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma: Mucosal traction. Laryngoscope. 125 Suppl 4:S1-14, 2015
Karandikar A et al: Evaluation of cholesteatoma: our experience with DW propeller imaging. Acta Radiol. 56(9):1108-12, 2015
Lincot J et al: Middle ear cholesteatoma: compared diagnostic performances of two incremental MRI protocols including non-echo planar diffusion-weighted imaging acquired on 3T and 1.5T scanners. J Neuroradiol. 42(4):193-201, 2015
Songu M et al: Correlation of computed tomography, echo-planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and surgical outcomes in middle ear cholesteatoma. Acta Otolaryngol. 135(8):776-80, 2015
Yiğiter AC et al: Value of echo-planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for detecting tympanomastoid cholesteatoma. J Int Adv Otol. 11(1):53-7, 2015
Akiyama N et al: Influence of continuous negative pressure in the rat middle ear. Laryngoscope. 124(10):2404-10, 2014
Alvo A et al: Use of non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted MR imaging for the detection of cholesteatomas in high-risk tympanic retraction pockets. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 35(9):1820-4, 2014
Li PM et al: Evaluating the utility of non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging in the preoperative evaluation of cholesteatoma: a meta-analysis. Laryngoscope. 123(5):1247-50, 2013
Karmody CS et al: The pathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma of the human middle ear: support for the migration hypothesis. Otol Neurotol. 33(1):42-7, 2012
Más-Estellés F et al: Contemporary non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging of middle ear cholesteatomas. Radiographics. 32(4):1197-213, 2012
Jeunen G et al: The value of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of residual or recurrent acquired cholesteatoma after canal wall-up tympanoplasty. Otol Neurotol. 29(1):16-8, 2008
De Foer B et al: The value of single-shot turbo spin-echo diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the detection of middle ear cholesteatoma. Neuroradiology. 49(10):841-8, 2007
Persaud R et al: Evidence-based review of aetiopathogenic theories of congenital and acquired cholesteatoma. J Laryngol Otol. 121(11):1013-9, 2007
De Foer B et al: Single-shot, turbo spin-echo, diffusion-weighted imaging versus spin-echo-planar, diffusion-weighted imaging in the detection of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 27(7):1480-2, 2006
Vercruysse JP et al: The value of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the diagnosis of primary acquired and residual cholesteatoma: a surgical verified study of 100 patients. Eur Radiol. 16(7):1461-7, 2006
Watts S et al: A systematic approach to interpretation of computed tomography scans prior to surgery of middle ear cholesteatoma. J Laryngol Otol. 114(4):248-53, 2000
Iino Y et al: Risk factors for recurrent and residual cholesteatoma in children determined by second stage operation. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 46(1-2):57-65, 1998
Robert Y et al: Petrous bone extension of middle-ear acquired cholesteatoma. Acta Radiol. 37(2):166-70, 1996
Mafee MF: MRI and CT in the evaluation of acquired and congenital cholesteatomas of the temporal bone. J Otolaryngol. 22(4):239-48, 1993
Vartiainen E et al: Long-term results of surgical treatment in different cholesteatoma types. Am J Otol. 14(5):507-11, 1993
Chole RA et al: Comparative histology of the tympanic membrane and its relationship to cholesteatoma. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 98(10):761-6, 1989