Partial duplication of vertebral column → 1 or more supranumerary ("extra") vertebra
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Ropars F et al: Psoas proximal insertion as a simple and reliable landmark for numbering lumbar vertebrae on MRI of the lumbar spine. Eur Radiol. 29(5):2608-15, 2019
Tague RG: Proximate cause, anatomical correlates, and obstetrical implication of a supernumerary lumbar vertebra in humans. Am J Phys Anthropol. 165(3):444-56, 2018
Johal J et al: Hemivertebrae: a comprehensive review of embryology, imaging, classification, and management. Childs Nerv Syst. 32(11):2105-9, 2016
Ghandhari H et al: Vertebral, rib, and intraspinal anomalies in congenital scoliosis: a study on 202 Caucasians. Eur Spine J. 24(7):1510-21, 2015
Ramadorai U et al: Incidental findings on magnetic resonance imaging of the spine in the asymptomatic pediatric population: a systematic review. Evid Based Spine Care J. 5(2):95-100, 2014
Eckalbar WL et al: Scoliosis and segmentation defects of the vertebrae. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. 1(3):401-23, 2012
Thawait GK et al: Spine segmentation and enumeration and normal variants. Radiol Clin North Am. 50(4):587-98, 2012
Kawakami N et al: Classification of congenital scoliosis and kyphosis: a new approach to the three-dimensional classification for progressive vertebral anomalies requiring operative treatment. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(17):1756-65, 2009
Chernoff N et al: Supernumerary ribs in developmental toxicity bioassays and in human populations: incidence and biological significance. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 7(6):437-49, 2004
Perimenis P et al: Retrocaval ureter and associated abnormalities. Int Urol Nephrol. 33(1):19-22, 2002
Jaskwhich D et al: Congenital scoliosis. Curr Opin Pediatr. 12(1):61-6, 2000
Luboga S: Supernumerary lumbar vertebrae in human skeletons at the Galloway Osteological Collection of Makerere University, Kampala. East Afr Med J. 77(1):16-9, 2000
McMaster MJ et al: Natural history of congenital kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis. A study of one hundred and twelve patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 81(10):1367-83, 1999
Daïkha-Dahmane F et al: Fetus with Casamassima-Morton-Nance syndrome and an inherited (6;9) balanced translocation. Am J Med Genet. 80(5):514-7, 1998
McMaster MJ: Congenital scoliosis caused by a unilateral failure of vertebral segmentation with contralateral hemivertebrae. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 23(9):998-1005, 1998
Monsoro-Burq AH et al: Heterogeneity in the development of the vertebra. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91(22):10435-9, 1994
Taslimi MM et al: Supernumerary ribs and vertebrae in trisomy 9 syndrome. Prenat Diagn. 10(7):481, 1990
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Supranumerary vertebra
Definitions
Partial duplication of vertebral column → 1 or more supranumerary ("extra") vertebra
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Ropars F et al: Psoas proximal insertion as a simple and reliable landmark for numbering lumbar vertebrae on MRI of the lumbar spine. Eur Radiol. 29(5):2608-15, 2019
Tague RG: Proximate cause, anatomical correlates, and obstetrical implication of a supernumerary lumbar vertebra in humans. Am J Phys Anthropol. 165(3):444-56, 2018
Johal J et al: Hemivertebrae: a comprehensive review of embryology, imaging, classification, and management. Childs Nerv Syst. 32(11):2105-9, 2016
Ghandhari H et al: Vertebral, rib, and intraspinal anomalies in congenital scoliosis: a study on 202 Caucasians. Eur Spine J. 24(7):1510-21, 2015
Ramadorai U et al: Incidental findings on magnetic resonance imaging of the spine in the asymptomatic pediatric population: a systematic review. Evid Based Spine Care J. 5(2):95-100, 2014
Eckalbar WL et al: Scoliosis and segmentation defects of the vertebrae. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. 1(3):401-23, 2012
Thawait GK et al: Spine segmentation and enumeration and normal variants. Radiol Clin North Am. 50(4):587-98, 2012
Kawakami N et al: Classification of congenital scoliosis and kyphosis: a new approach to the three-dimensional classification for progressive vertebral anomalies requiring operative treatment. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(17):1756-65, 2009
Chernoff N et al: Supernumerary ribs in developmental toxicity bioassays and in human populations: incidence and biological significance. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 7(6):437-49, 2004
Perimenis P et al: Retrocaval ureter and associated abnormalities. Int Urol Nephrol. 33(1):19-22, 2002
Jaskwhich D et al: Congenital scoliosis. Curr Opin Pediatr. 12(1):61-6, 2000
Luboga S: Supernumerary lumbar vertebrae in human skeletons at the Galloway Osteological Collection of Makerere University, Kampala. East Afr Med J. 77(1):16-9, 2000
McMaster MJ et al: Natural history of congenital kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis. A study of one hundred and twelve patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 81(10):1367-83, 1999
Daïkha-Dahmane F et al: Fetus with Casamassima-Morton-Nance syndrome and an inherited (6;9) balanced translocation. Am J Med Genet. 80(5):514-7, 1998
McMaster MJ: Congenital scoliosis caused by a unilateral failure of vertebral segmentation with contralateral hemivertebrae. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 23(9):998-1005, 1998
Monsoro-Burq AH et al: Heterogeneity in the development of the vertebra. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91(22):10435-9, 1994
Taslimi MM et al: Supernumerary ribs and vertebrae in trisomy 9 syndrome. Prenat Diagn. 10(7):481, 1990
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