Extensor mechanism: quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar tendon
Also includes medial and lateral retinacula, patellofemoral ligaments
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Lombardo DJ et al: Periprosthetic fractures about total knee arthroplasty. Musculoskelet Surg. 104(2):135-43, 2020
Putman S et al: Patellar complications after total knee arthroplasty. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 105(1S):S43-S51, 2019
Maloney E et al: The pediatric patella: normal development, anatomical variants and malformations, stability, imaging, and injury patterns. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 22(1):81-94, 2018
Sanal HT et al: Imaging following fractures of and around the knee. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 22(4):457-63, 2018
Jarraya M et al: Imaging of patellar fractures. Insights Imaging. 8(1):49-57, 2017
Lazaro LE et al: Effect of computerized tomography on classification and treatment plan for patellar fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 27(6):336-44, 2013
Lee BJ et al: Adolescent patellar osteochondral fracture following patellar dislocation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 21(8):1856-61, 2013
Dy CJ et al: Meta-analysis of re-operation, nonunion, and infection after open reduction and internal fixation of patella fractures. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 73(4):928-32, 2012
Dupuis CS et al: Injuries and conditions of the extensor mechanism of the pediatric knee. Radiographics. 29(3):877-86, 2009
Sheth NP et al: Periprosthetic patellar fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 89(10):2285-96, 2007
Drabicki RR et al: Stress fractures around the knee. Clin Sports Med. 25(1):105-15, ix, 2006
Gupta RR et al: Patellar sleeve fractures in children: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Orthop. 35(7):336-8, 2006
Tay GH et al: Indirect patella fractures following ACL reconstruction: a review. Acta Orthop. 77(3):494-500, 2006
Chun KA, et al: Patellar fractures after total knee replacement. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 185(3):655-60, 2005
Hunt DM et al: A review of sleeve fractures of the patella in children. Knee. 12(1):3-7, 2005
Mayers LB et al: Acute transverse patellar fracture associated with weightlifting. Case report and literature review. Am J Sports Med. 29(2):232-3, 2001
Carpenter JE et al: Fractures of the patella. Instr Course Lect. 43:97-108, 1994
Sonin AH: Magnetic resonance imaging of the extensor mechanism. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2(3):401-11, 1994
Yu JS et al: MR imaging of injuries of the extensor mechanism of the knee. Radiographics. 14(3):541-51, 1994
Salerno DJ: Fractures of the patella: closed and open repair versus patellectomy. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 74(6):538-41, 1975
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Kneecap fracture
Definitions
Patella fracture ± extensor mechanism disruption
Extensor mechanism: quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar tendon
Also includes medial and lateral retinacula, patellofemoral ligaments
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Lombardo DJ et al: Periprosthetic fractures about total knee arthroplasty. Musculoskelet Surg. 104(2):135-43, 2020
Putman S et al: Patellar complications after total knee arthroplasty. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 105(1S):S43-S51, 2019
Maloney E et al: The pediatric patella: normal development, anatomical variants and malformations, stability, imaging, and injury patterns. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 22(1):81-94, 2018
Sanal HT et al: Imaging following fractures of and around the knee. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 22(4):457-63, 2018
Jarraya M et al: Imaging of patellar fractures. Insights Imaging. 8(1):49-57, 2017
Lazaro LE et al: Effect of computerized tomography on classification and treatment plan for patellar fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 27(6):336-44, 2013
Lee BJ et al: Adolescent patellar osteochondral fracture following patellar dislocation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 21(8):1856-61, 2013
Dy CJ et al: Meta-analysis of re-operation, nonunion, and infection after open reduction and internal fixation of patella fractures. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 73(4):928-32, 2012
Dupuis CS et al: Injuries and conditions of the extensor mechanism of the pediatric knee. Radiographics. 29(3):877-86, 2009
Sheth NP et al: Periprosthetic patellar fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 89(10):2285-96, 2007
Drabicki RR et al: Stress fractures around the knee. Clin Sports Med. 25(1):105-15, ix, 2006
Gupta RR et al: Patellar sleeve fractures in children: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Orthop. 35(7):336-8, 2006
Tay GH et al: Indirect patella fractures following ACL reconstruction: a review. Acta Orthop. 77(3):494-500, 2006
Chun KA, et al: Patellar fractures after total knee replacement. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 185(3):655-60, 2005
Hunt DM et al: A review of sleeve fractures of the patella in children. Knee. 12(1):3-7, 2005
Mayers LB et al: Acute transverse patellar fracture associated with weightlifting. Case report and literature review. Am J Sports Med. 29(2):232-3, 2001
Carpenter JE et al: Fractures of the patella. Instr Course Lect. 43:97-108, 1994
Sonin AH: Magnetic resonance imaging of the extensor mechanism. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2(3):401-11, 1994
Yu JS et al: MR imaging of injuries of the extensor mechanism of the knee. Radiographics. 14(3):541-51, 1994
Salerno DJ: Fractures of the patella: closed and open repair versus patellectomy. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 74(6):538-41, 1975
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