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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Pathologic fracture (path fx)
Definitions
- Fracture through abnormal osseous lesion
- Tumor
- Infection
- Postsurgical
- Metabolic
- Congenital
- Fracture through abnormal osseous lesion
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Chakarun CJ et al: Giant cell tumor of bone: review, mimics, and new developments in treatment. Radiographics. 33(1):197-211, 2013
- Hechmati G et al: Cost of skeletal-related events in European patients with solid tumours and bone metastases: data from a prospective multinational observational study. J Med Econ. 16(5):691-700, 2013
- Probst S et al: Atypical bisphosphonate-associated subtrochanteric and femoral shaft stress fractures: diagnostic features on bone scan. Clin Nucl Med. 38(5):397-9, 2013
- Steensma M et al: Trends in the surgical treatment of pathologic proximal femur fractures among musculoskeletal tumor society members. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 471(6):2000-6, 2013
- Chan SS et al: Subtrochanteric femoral fractures in patients receiving long-term alendronate therapy: imaging features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(6):1581-6, 2010
- Kurup AN et al: Ablation of skeletal metastases: current status. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 21(8 Suppl):S242-50, 2010
- Bosita RV et al: Avascular necrosis of lumbar facet joints associated with bilateral facet fractures. Spine J. 9(6):e1-4, 2009
- Kim MS et al: Prognostic effect of pathologic fracture in localized osteosarcoma: a cohort/case controlled study at a single institute. J Surg Oncol. 100(3):233-9, 2009
- Atesok K et al: Treatment of pathological humeral shaft fractures with unreamed humeral nail. Ann Surg Oncol. 14(4):1493-8, 2007
- Bramer JA et al: Do pathological fractures influence survival and local recurrence rate in bony sarcomas? Eur J Cancer. 43(13):1944-51, 2007
- Deheshi BM et al: Joint salvage for pathologic fracture of giant cell tumor of the lower extremity. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 459:96-104, 2007
- Shenoy R et al: Tumours of the hand presenting as pathological fractures. Acta Orthop Belg. 73(2):192-5, 2007
- Erly WK et al: The utility of in-phase/opposed-phase imaging in differentiating malignancy from acute benign compression fractures of the spine. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 27(6):1183-8, 2006
- James SL et al: Atraumatic avulsion of the lesser trochanter as an indicator of tumour infiltration. Eur Radiol. 16(2):512-4, 2006
- Papagelopoulos PJ et al: Advances and challenges in diagnosis and management of skeletal metastases. Orthopedics. 29(7):609-20; quiz 621-2, 2006
- Snyder BD et al: Predicting fracture through benign skeletal lesions with quantitative computed tomography. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 88(1):55-70, 2006
- Fayad LM et al: Distinction of long bone stress fractures from pathologic fractures on cross-sectional imaging: how successful are we? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 185(4):915-24, 2005
- Weber KL et al: An approach to the management of the patient with metastatic bone disease. Instr Course Lect. 53:663-76, 2004
- Bacci G: Pathologic fracture in osteosarcoma. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 85-A(9):1848; author reply 1848-9, 2003
- Frassica FJ et al: Evaluation and treatment of metastases to the humerus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. (415 Suppl):S212-8, 2003
- McVey MJ et al: Pathologic fracture of metacarpal enchondroma: case study and differential diagnosis. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 25(5):340-4, 2002
- Spuentrup E et al: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging for differentiation of benign fracture edema and tumor infiltration of the vertebral body. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176(2):351-8, 2001
- Wai EK et al: Pathologic fractures of the proximal femur secondary to benign bone tumors. Clin Orthop Relat Res. (393):279-86, 2001
- Ablove RH et al: Early versus delayed treatment of enchondroma. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 29(10):771-2, 2000
- Natarajan MV et al: Limb salvage surgery for pathological fractures in osteosarcoma. Int Orthop. 24(3):170-2, 2000
- Ishiguro N et al: The surgical treatment of a haemophilic pseudotumour in an extremity: a report of three cases with pathological fractures. Haemophilia. 4(2):126-31, 1998
- Lingg GM et al: Insufficiency and stress fractures of the long bones occurring in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases, with a contribution on the possibilities of computed tomography. Eur J Radiol. 26(1):54-63, 1997
- Hillemanns M et al: Malignant lymphoma. Skeletal Radiol. 25(1):73-5, 1996
- Wall JE et al: Fractures in children treated with radiotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma. Orthopedics. 19(8):657-64, 1996
- Dijstra S et al: Impending and actual pathological fractures in patients with bone metastases of the long bones. A retrospective study of 233 surgically treated fractures. Eur J Surg. 160(10):535-42, 1994
- Townsend PW et al: Impact of postoperative radiation therapy and other perioperative factors on outcome after orthopedic stabilization of impending or pathologic fractures due to metastatic disease. J Clin Oncol. 12(11):2345-50, 1994
- Haentjens P et al: Evaluation of impending fractures and indications for prophylactic fixation of metastases in long bones. Review of the literature. Acta Orthop Belg. 59 Suppl 1:6-11, 1993
- Rock MG: Metastatic lesions of the humerus and the upper extremity. Instr Course Lect. 41:329-33, 1992
- Walker LG et al: Pathologic fracture of the proximal ulna through a bone graft donor site. J Hand Surg Am. 15(5):781-4, 1990
- Bertin KC et al: Isolated fracture of the lesser trochanter in adults: an initial manifestation of metastatic malignant disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 66(5):770-3, 1984
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Pathologic fracture (path fx)
Definitions
- Fracture through abnormal osseous lesion
- Tumor
- Infection
- Postsurgical
- Metabolic
- Congenital
- Fracture through abnormal osseous lesion
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Chakarun CJ et al: Giant cell tumor of bone: review, mimics, and new developments in treatment. Radiographics. 33(1):197-211, 2013
- Hechmati G et al: Cost of skeletal-related events in European patients with solid tumours and bone metastases: data from a prospective multinational observational study. J Med Econ. 16(5):691-700, 2013
- Probst S et al: Atypical bisphosphonate-associated subtrochanteric and femoral shaft stress fractures: diagnostic features on bone scan. Clin Nucl Med. 38(5):397-9, 2013
- Steensma M et al: Trends in the surgical treatment of pathologic proximal femur fractures among musculoskeletal tumor society members. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 471(6):2000-6, 2013
- Chan SS et al: Subtrochanteric femoral fractures in patients receiving long-term alendronate therapy: imaging features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(6):1581-6, 2010
- Kurup AN et al: Ablation of skeletal metastases: current status. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 21(8 Suppl):S242-50, 2010
- Bosita RV et al: Avascular necrosis of lumbar facet joints associated with bilateral facet fractures. Spine J. 9(6):e1-4, 2009
- Kim MS et al: Prognostic effect of pathologic fracture in localized osteosarcoma: a cohort/case controlled study at a single institute. J Surg Oncol. 100(3):233-9, 2009
- Atesok K et al: Treatment of pathological humeral shaft fractures with unreamed humeral nail. Ann Surg Oncol. 14(4):1493-8, 2007
- Bramer JA et al: Do pathological fractures influence survival and local recurrence rate in bony sarcomas? Eur J Cancer. 43(13):1944-51, 2007
- Deheshi BM et al: Joint salvage for pathologic fracture of giant cell tumor of the lower extremity. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 459:96-104, 2007
- Shenoy R et al: Tumours of the hand presenting as pathological fractures. Acta Orthop Belg. 73(2):192-5, 2007
- Erly WK et al: The utility of in-phase/opposed-phase imaging in differentiating malignancy from acute benign compression fractures of the spine. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 27(6):1183-8, 2006
- James SL et al: Atraumatic avulsion of the lesser trochanter as an indicator of tumour infiltration. Eur Radiol. 16(2):512-4, 2006
- Papagelopoulos PJ et al: Advances and challenges in diagnosis and management of skeletal metastases. Orthopedics. 29(7):609-20; quiz 621-2, 2006
- Snyder BD et al: Predicting fracture through benign skeletal lesions with quantitative computed tomography. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 88(1):55-70, 2006
- Fayad LM et al: Distinction of long bone stress fractures from pathologic fractures on cross-sectional imaging: how successful are we? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 185(4):915-24, 2005
- Weber KL et al: An approach to the management of the patient with metastatic bone disease. Instr Course Lect. 53:663-76, 2004
- Bacci G: Pathologic fracture in osteosarcoma. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 85-A(9):1848; author reply 1848-9, 2003
- Frassica FJ et al: Evaluation and treatment of metastases to the humerus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. (415 Suppl):S212-8, 2003
- McVey MJ et al: Pathologic fracture of metacarpal enchondroma: case study and differential diagnosis. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 25(5):340-4, 2002
- Spuentrup E et al: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging for differentiation of benign fracture edema and tumor infiltration of the vertebral body. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176(2):351-8, 2001
- Wai EK et al: Pathologic fractures of the proximal femur secondary to benign bone tumors. Clin Orthop Relat Res. (393):279-86, 2001
- Ablove RH et al: Early versus delayed treatment of enchondroma. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 29(10):771-2, 2000
- Natarajan MV et al: Limb salvage surgery for pathological fractures in osteosarcoma. Int Orthop. 24(3):170-2, 2000
- Ishiguro N et al: The surgical treatment of a haemophilic pseudotumour in an extremity: a report of three cases with pathological fractures. Haemophilia. 4(2):126-31, 1998
- Lingg GM et al: Insufficiency and stress fractures of the long bones occurring in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases, with a contribution on the possibilities of computed tomography. Eur J Radiol. 26(1):54-63, 1997
- Hillemanns M et al: Malignant lymphoma. Skeletal Radiol. 25(1):73-5, 1996
- Wall JE et al: Fractures in children treated with radiotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma. Orthopedics. 19(8):657-64, 1996
- Dijstra S et al: Impending and actual pathological fractures in patients with bone metastases of the long bones. A retrospective study of 233 surgically treated fractures. Eur J Surg. 160(10):535-42, 1994
- Townsend PW et al: Impact of postoperative radiation therapy and other perioperative factors on outcome after orthopedic stabilization of impending or pathologic fractures due to metastatic disease. J Clin Oncol. 12(11):2345-50, 1994
- Haentjens P et al: Evaluation of impending fractures and indications for prophylactic fixation of metastases in long bones. Review of the literature. Acta Orthop Belg. 59 Suppl 1:6-11, 1993
- Rock MG: Metastatic lesions of the humerus and the upper extremity. Instr Course Lect. 41:329-33, 1992
- Walker LG et al: Pathologic fracture of the proximal ulna through a bone graft donor site. J Hand Surg Am. 15(5):781-4, 1990
- Bertin KC et al: Isolated fracture of the lesser trochanter in adults: an initial manifestation of metastatic malignant disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 66(5):770-3, 1984
