link
Bookmarks
Pathways of Lymph Node Spread in Lung Cancer
Gerald F. Abbott, MD, FACRFlorian J. Fintelmann, MD, FRCPC
To access 4,300 diagnoses written by the world's leading experts in radiology.Try it free - 15 days
0
0
0
0

KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • General Anatomic Considerations

      • Lymphatic Drainage Patterns

        • Clinical Implications

          TERMINOLOGY

          • Definitions

            • Lymph node metastases: Presence of macroscopic or microscopic tumor in regional or distant lymph nodes
            • Skip metastases: Direct metastases of lung cancer to mediastinal lymph nodes without hilar lymph node involvement
          • Staging

            • TNM staging system for lung cancer created by International Union Against Cancer and the American Joint Committee on Cancer
            • Lymph node designation (N) determined by location of lymph node metastases
              • N0: No lymphadenopathy
              • N1: Ipsilateral, peripheral, or hilar-interlobar zone involvement
              • N2: Ipsilateral upper or lower paratracheal, aorticopulmonary, or subcarinal zone involvement
              • N3: Contralateral upper or lower paratracheal, aorticopulmonary, hilar-interlobar, or any supraclavicular involvement
              • Extrathoracic lymph node involvement designated as distant metastases (M1 disease)

          IMAGING ANATOMY

          • General Anatomic Considerations

            CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

            • Clinical Importance

              Selected References

              1. El-Sherief AH et al: International association for the study of lung cancer (IASLC) lymph node map: radiologic review with CT illustration. Radiographics. 34(6):1680-91, 2014
              2. Kligerman S et al: A radiologic review of the new TNM classification for lung cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010 Mar;194(3):562-73. Review. Erratum in: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(5):1404, 2010
              3. Topol M et al: The problem of direct lymph drainage of the bronchopulmonary segments into the mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. Clin Anat. 22(4):509-16, 2009
              4. Suwatanapongched T et al: CT of thoracic lymph nodes. Part II: diseases and pitfalls. Br J Radiol. 79(948):999-1000, 2006
              5. Okada M et al: Border between N1 and N2 stations in lung carcinoma: lessons from lymph node metastatic patterns of lower lobe tumors. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 129(4):825-30, 2005
              6. Sharma A et al: Patterns of lymphadenopathy in thoracic malignancies. Radiographics. 24(2):419-34, 2004
              7. Aquino SL et al: Source and direction of thoracic lymphatics: Part I--upper thorax. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 27(2):292-6, 2003
              8. Marom EM et al: Radiologic findings of bronchogenic carcinoma with pulmonary metastases at presentation. Clin Radiol. 54(10):665-8, 1999
              9. Riquet M: [Mediastinal lymphatic spread of bronchopulmonary cancer.] Rev Mal Respir. 8(5):443-58, 1991
              Related Anatomy
              Loading...
              Related Differential Diagnoses
              Loading...
              References
              Tables

              Tables

              KEY FACTS

              • Terminology

                • General Anatomic Considerations

                  • Lymphatic Drainage Patterns

                    • Clinical Implications

                      TERMINOLOGY

                      • Definitions

                        • Lymph node metastases: Presence of macroscopic or microscopic tumor in regional or distant lymph nodes
                        • Skip metastases: Direct metastases of lung cancer to mediastinal lymph nodes without hilar lymph node involvement
                      • Staging

                        • TNM staging system for lung cancer created by International Union Against Cancer and the American Joint Committee on Cancer
                        • Lymph node designation (N) determined by location of lymph node metastases
                          • N0: No lymphadenopathy
                          • N1: Ipsilateral, peripheral, or hilar-interlobar zone involvement
                          • N2: Ipsilateral upper or lower paratracheal, aorticopulmonary, or subcarinal zone involvement
                          • N3: Contralateral upper or lower paratracheal, aorticopulmonary, hilar-interlobar, or any supraclavicular involvement
                          • Extrathoracic lymph node involvement designated as distant metastases (M1 disease)

                      IMAGING ANATOMY

                      • General Anatomic Considerations

                        CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

                        • Clinical Importance

                          Selected References

                          1. El-Sherief AH et al: International association for the study of lung cancer (IASLC) lymph node map: radiologic review with CT illustration. Radiographics. 34(6):1680-91, 2014
                          2. Kligerman S et al: A radiologic review of the new TNM classification for lung cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010 Mar;194(3):562-73. Review. Erratum in: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(5):1404, 2010
                          3. Topol M et al: The problem of direct lymph drainage of the bronchopulmonary segments into the mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. Clin Anat. 22(4):509-16, 2009
                          4. Suwatanapongched T et al: CT of thoracic lymph nodes. Part II: diseases and pitfalls. Br J Radiol. 79(948):999-1000, 2006
                          5. Okada M et al: Border between N1 and N2 stations in lung carcinoma: lessons from lymph node metastatic patterns of lower lobe tumors. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 129(4):825-30, 2005
                          6. Sharma A et al: Patterns of lymphadenopathy in thoracic malignancies. Radiographics. 24(2):419-34, 2004
                          7. Aquino SL et al: Source and direction of thoracic lymphatics: Part I--upper thorax. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 27(2):292-6, 2003
                          8. Marom EM et al: Radiologic findings of bronchogenic carcinoma with pulmonary metastases at presentation. Clin Radiol. 54(10):665-8, 1999
                          9. Riquet M: [Mediastinal lymphatic spread of bronchopulmonary cancer.] Rev Mal Respir. 8(5):443-58, 1991