Tam T et al: Embryology of the urogenital tract; a practical overview for urogynecologic surgeons. Int Urogynecol J. 32(2):239-47, 2021
Bingham G et al: Pelvic kidney. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, 2020
Chhakchhuak M et al: Solitary pelvic ectopic kidney and limb anomalies: rare variant of acrorenal syndrome. Indian J Nephrol. 30(3):207-8, 2020
Elmacı AM et al: Is voiding cystourethrography necessary for evaluating unilateral ectopic pelvic kidney? Turk J Urol. 45(Supp. 1):S108-10, 2019
Knipe HC: A case of bilateral pelvic kidneys. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 63(5):639-40, 2019
Turkyilmaz G et al: Antenatally detected ureterocele: associated anomalies and postnatal prognosis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 58(4):531-5, 2019
Braga LH et al: Society for Fetal Urology classification vs Urinary Tract Dilation grading system for prognostication in prenatal hydronephrosis: a time to resolution analysis. J Urol. 199(6):1615-21, 2018
Eid S et al: Pelvic kidney: a review of the literature. Cureus. 10(6):e2775, 2018
Sagi-Dain L et al: Chromosomal microarray findings in pregnancies with an isolated pelvic kidney. J Perinat Med. 47(1):30-4, 2018
Debenedectis CM et al: Incidental genitourinary findings on obstetrics/gynecology ultrasound. Ultrasound Q. 28(4):293-8, 2012
Batukan C et al: Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcome of pelvic kidneys. Prenat Diagn. 31(4):356-9, 2011
Gokalp G et al: Vascular anomaly in bilateral ectopic kidney: a case report. Cases J. 3:5, 2010
Oh KY et al: Prenatal diagnosis of renal developmental anomalies associated with an empty renal fossa. Ultrasound Q. 26(4):233-40, 2010
van den Bosch CM et al: Urological and nephrological findings of renal ectopia. J Urol. 183(4):1574-8, 2010
Lossius MN et al: A patient with an unusual cause right lower quadrant pain and vomiting: pyelonephritis of an ectopic right kidney masquerading as acute appendicitis. Case Report Med. 2009:638501, 2009
Calisti A et al: The risk of associated urological abnormalities in children with pre and postnatal occasional diagnosis of solitary, small or ectopic kidney: is a complete urological screening always necessary? World J Urol. 26(3):281-4, 2008
Duong DT et al: A case of ectopic dysplastic kidney and ectopic ureter diagnosed by MRI. Nat Clin Pract Urol. 5(11):632-6, 2008
Arena F et al: Is a complete urological evaluation necessary in all newborns with asymptomatic renal ectopia? Int J Urol. 14(6):491-5, 2007
Cinman NM et al: Pelvic kidney: associated diseases and treatment. J Endourol. 21(8):836-42, 2007
Chow JS et al: The clinical significance of an empty renal fossa on prenatal sonography. J Ultrasound Med. 24(8):1049-54; quiz 1055-7, 2005
Cassart M et al: Complementary role of MRI after sonography in assessing bilateral urinary tract anomalies in the fetus. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(3):689-95, 2004
Yuksel A et al: Sonographic findings of fetuses with an empty renal fossa and normal amniotic fluid volume. Fetal Diagn Ther. 19(6):525-32, 2004
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Ectopic kidney
Unascended kidney
Definitions
Ectopic kidney located in pelvis
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Tam T et al: Embryology of the urogenital tract; a practical overview for urogynecologic surgeons. Int Urogynecol J. 32(2):239-47, 2021
Bingham G et al: Pelvic kidney. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, 2020
Chhakchhuak M et al: Solitary pelvic ectopic kidney and limb anomalies: rare variant of acrorenal syndrome. Indian J Nephrol. 30(3):207-8, 2020
Elmacı AM et al: Is voiding cystourethrography necessary for evaluating unilateral ectopic pelvic kidney? Turk J Urol. 45(Supp. 1):S108-10, 2019
Knipe HC: A case of bilateral pelvic kidneys. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 63(5):639-40, 2019
Turkyilmaz G et al: Antenatally detected ureterocele: associated anomalies and postnatal prognosis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 58(4):531-5, 2019
Braga LH et al: Society for Fetal Urology classification vs Urinary Tract Dilation grading system for prognostication in prenatal hydronephrosis: a time to resolution analysis. J Urol. 199(6):1615-21, 2018
Eid S et al: Pelvic kidney: a review of the literature. Cureus. 10(6):e2775, 2018
Sagi-Dain L et al: Chromosomal microarray findings in pregnancies with an isolated pelvic kidney. J Perinat Med. 47(1):30-4, 2018
Debenedectis CM et al: Incidental genitourinary findings on obstetrics/gynecology ultrasound. Ultrasound Q. 28(4):293-8, 2012
Batukan C et al: Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcome of pelvic kidneys. Prenat Diagn. 31(4):356-9, 2011
Gokalp G et al: Vascular anomaly in bilateral ectopic kidney: a case report. Cases J. 3:5, 2010
Oh KY et al: Prenatal diagnosis of renal developmental anomalies associated with an empty renal fossa. Ultrasound Q. 26(4):233-40, 2010
van den Bosch CM et al: Urological and nephrological findings of renal ectopia. J Urol. 183(4):1574-8, 2010
Lossius MN et al: A patient with an unusual cause right lower quadrant pain and vomiting: pyelonephritis of an ectopic right kidney masquerading as acute appendicitis. Case Report Med. 2009:638501, 2009
Calisti A et al: The risk of associated urological abnormalities in children with pre and postnatal occasional diagnosis of solitary, small or ectopic kidney: is a complete urological screening always necessary? World J Urol. 26(3):281-4, 2008
Duong DT et al: A case of ectopic dysplastic kidney and ectopic ureter diagnosed by MRI. Nat Clin Pract Urol. 5(11):632-6, 2008
Arena F et al: Is a complete urological evaluation necessary in all newborns with asymptomatic renal ectopia? Int J Urol. 14(6):491-5, 2007
Cinman NM et al: Pelvic kidney: associated diseases and treatment. J Endourol. 21(8):836-42, 2007
Chow JS et al: The clinical significance of an empty renal fossa on prenatal sonography. J Ultrasound Med. 24(8):1049-54; quiz 1055-7, 2005
Cassart M et al: Complementary role of MRI after sonography in assessing bilateral urinary tract anomalies in the fetus. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(3):689-95, 2004
Yuksel A et al: Sonographic findings of fetuses with an empty renal fossa and normal amniotic fluid volume. Fetal Diagn Ther. 19(6):525-32, 2004
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