Fatigue fracture: repetitive overuse trauma results in failure of normal bone
Insufficiency fracture: normal activity results in failure of weakened (usually osteoporotic) bone
Also called fragility fracture
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Matcuk GR Jr et al: Stress fractures: pathophysiology, clinical presentation, imaging features, and treatment options. Emerg Radiol. 23(4):365-75, 2016
Changstrom BG et al: Epidemiology of stress fracture injuries among US high school athletes, 2005-2006 through 2012-2013. Am J Sports Med. 43(1):26-33, 2015
Klontzas ME et al: MR imaging of transient osteoporosis of the hip: an update on 155 hip joints. Eur J Radiol. 84(3):431-6, 2015
Wagner D et al: Fragility fractures of the sacrum: how to identify and when to treat surgically? Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 41(4):349-62, 2015
Yoder K et al: Risk factors associated with sacral stress fractures: a systematic review. J Man Manip Ther. 23(2):84-92, 2015
Meredith DS et al: Incidence, diagnosis, and management of sacral fractures following multilevel spinal arthrodesis. Spine J. 13(11):1464-9, 2013
Guerado E et al: Occult acetabular fracture in elderly patients. Open Orthop J. 6:582-6, 2012
Liong SY et al: Lower extremity and pelvic stress fractures in athletes. Br J Radiol. 85(1016):1148-56, 2012
Campbell SE et al: Imaging of stress injuries of the pelvis. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 12(1):62-71, 2008
Zajick DC et al: Spectrum of MRI findings in clinical athletic pubalgia. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 12(1):3-12, 2008
Bencardino JT et al: Imaging of hip disorders in athletes. Radiol Clin North Am. 40(2):267-87, vi-vii, 2002
Spitz DJ et al: Imaging of stress fractures in the athlete. Radiol Clin North Am. 40(2):313-31, 2002
Otte MT et al: MR imaging of supra-acetabular insufficiency fractures. Skeletal Radiol. 26(5):279-83, 1997
Hill PF et al: Stress fracture of the pubic ramus in female recruits. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 78(3):383-6, 1996
Peh WC et al: Imaging of pelvic insufficiency fractures. Radiographics. 16(2):335-48, 1996
Hayes CW et al: MR imaging of bone marrow edema pattern: transient osteoporosis, transient bone marrow edema syndrome, or osteonecrosis. Radiographics. 13(5):1001-11; discussion 1012, 1993
McBryde AM Jr: Stress fractures in athletes. J Sports Med. 3(5):212-7, 1975
Fatigue fracture: repetitive overuse trauma results in failure of normal bone
Insufficiency fracture: normal activity results in failure of weakened (usually osteoporotic) bone
Also called fragility fracture
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Matcuk GR Jr et al: Stress fractures: pathophysiology, clinical presentation, imaging features, and treatment options. Emerg Radiol. 23(4):365-75, 2016
Changstrom BG et al: Epidemiology of stress fracture injuries among US high school athletes, 2005-2006 through 2012-2013. Am J Sports Med. 43(1):26-33, 2015
Klontzas ME et al: MR imaging of transient osteoporosis of the hip: an update on 155 hip joints. Eur J Radiol. 84(3):431-6, 2015
Wagner D et al: Fragility fractures of the sacrum: how to identify and when to treat surgically? Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 41(4):349-62, 2015
Yoder K et al: Risk factors associated with sacral stress fractures: a systematic review. J Man Manip Ther. 23(2):84-92, 2015
Meredith DS et al: Incidence, diagnosis, and management of sacral fractures following multilevel spinal arthrodesis. Spine J. 13(11):1464-9, 2013
Guerado E et al: Occult acetabular fracture in elderly patients. Open Orthop J. 6:582-6, 2012
Liong SY et al: Lower extremity and pelvic stress fractures in athletes. Br J Radiol. 85(1016):1148-56, 2012
Campbell SE et al: Imaging of stress injuries of the pelvis. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 12(1):62-71, 2008
Zajick DC et al: Spectrum of MRI findings in clinical athletic pubalgia. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 12(1):3-12, 2008
Bencardino JT et al: Imaging of hip disorders in athletes. Radiol Clin North Am. 40(2):267-87, vi-vii, 2002
Spitz DJ et al: Imaging of stress fractures in the athlete. Radiol Clin North Am. 40(2):313-31, 2002
Otte MT et al: MR imaging of supra-acetabular insufficiency fractures. Skeletal Radiol. 26(5):279-83, 1997
Hill PF et al: Stress fracture of the pubic ramus in female recruits. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 78(3):383-6, 1996
Peh WC et al: Imaging of pelvic insufficiency fractures. Radiographics. 16(2):335-48, 1996
Hayes CW et al: MR imaging of bone marrow edema pattern: transient osteoporosis, transient bone marrow edema syndrome, or osteonecrosis. Radiographics. 13(5):1001-11; discussion 1012, 1993
McBryde AM Jr: Stress fractures in athletes. J Sports Med. 3(5):212-7, 1975
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