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Obstetrics
Diagnosis
Heart
Myocardial and Pericardial Abnormalities
Pericardial Effusion
Pericardial Effusion
Anne Kennedy, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Pathology

        • Clinical Issues

          • Diagnostic Checklist

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Abbreviations

              • Pericardial effusion (PE)

            • Definitions

              • Accumulation of excessive fluid in pericardial space

            IMAGING

            • Ultrasonographic Findings

              • Imaging Recommendations

                DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                  PATHOLOGY

                  • General Features

                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                    • Presentation

                      • Demographics

                        • Natural History & Prognosis

                          • Treatment

                            DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                            • Consider

                              • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                Selected References

                                1. Schoeneberg LA et al: A fetal presentation of a ruptured right ventricular diverticulum. Pediatr Cardiol. ePub, 2021
                                2. Agarwal A et al: EXIT procedure for fetal mediastinal teratoma with large pericardial effusion: a case report with review of literature. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 31(8):1099-103, 2018
                                3. Shitara Y et al: Cytokine profiles in pericardial effusion in a down syndrome infant with transient abnormal myelopoiesis. Tohoku J Exp Med. 241(2):149-53, 2017
                                4. Hichijo A et al: A case of fetal parvovirus b19 myocarditis that caused terminal heart failure. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2014:463571, 2014
                                5. Kyeong KS et al: Clinical outcomes of prenatally diagnosed cases of isolated and nonisolated pericardial effusion. Fetal Diagn Ther. 36(4):320-5, 2014
                                6. Lin TW et al: Infantile cardiac vascular tumour: from prenatal diagnosis to postnatal treatment. Cardiol Young. 1-4, 2014
                                7. Kalelioğlu IH et al: Intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia: report of 2 cases with prenatal diagnosis. J Ultrasound Med. 31(11):1825-8, 2012
                                8. Haino K et al: Morgagni hernia with massive pericardial effusion diagnosed in the second trimester: prenatal diagnosis and perinatal management. Fetal Diagn Ther. 29(1):108-10, 2011
                                9. Carrard C et al: Fetal right ventricular diverticulum with pericardial effusion: report of a new case treated by in utero pericardiocentesis. Pediatr Cardiol. 31(6):891-3, 2010
                                10. Rychik J et al: Fetal cardiovascular effects of lower urinary tract obstruction with giant bladder. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 36(6):682-6, 2010
                                11. Sekar P et al: A case of restrictive cardiomyopathy presenting in fetal life with an isolated pericardial effusion. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 35(3):369-72, 2010
                                12. Abi-Nader K et al: Successful outcome after prenatal treatment of a cardiac diverticulum with massive pericardial effusion. Fetal Diagn Ther. 25(1):148-52, 2009
                                13. Steffensen TS et al: Massive pericardial effusion treated with in utero pericardioamniotic shunt in a fetus with intrapericardial teratoma. Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 28(5):216-31, 2009
                                14. Truin G et al: Pericardial and abdominal fluid accumulation in congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ia. Mol Genet Metab. 94(4):481-4, 2008
                                15. Hara K et al: Massive pericardial effusion in an early gestational fetus having intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 33(4):561-5, 2007
                                16. Pachy F et al: Intrapericardial teratoma with hydrops leading to in utero demise. Prenat Diagn. 27(10):970-2, 2007
                                17. Kamil D et al: Fetal pericardial teratoma causing cardiac insufficiency: Prenatal diagnosis and therapy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 28(7):972-3, 2006
                                18. Laga S et al: Imminent fetal cardiac tamponade by right atrial hemangioma. Pediatr Cardiol. 27(5):633-5, 2006
                                19. Slesnick TC et al: Characteristics and outcomes of fetuses with pericardial effusions. Am J Cardiol. 96(4):599-601, 2005
                                20. Dizon-Townson DS et al: A prospective evaluation of fetal pericardial fluid in 506 second-trimester low-risk pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol. 90(6):958-61, 1997
                                Related Anatomy
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                                Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                References
                                Tables

                                Tables

                                KEY FACTS

                                • Terminology

                                  • Imaging

                                    • Pathology

                                      • Clinical Issues

                                        • Diagnostic Checklist

                                          TERMINOLOGY

                                          • Abbreviations

                                            • Pericardial effusion (PE)

                                          • Definitions

                                            • Accumulation of excessive fluid in pericardial space

                                          IMAGING

                                          • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                            • Imaging Recommendations

                                              DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                PATHOLOGY

                                                • General Features

                                                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                  • Presentation

                                                    • Demographics

                                                      • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                        • Treatment

                                                          DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                          • Consider

                                                            • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                              Selected References

                                                              1. Schoeneberg LA et al: A fetal presentation of a ruptured right ventricular diverticulum. Pediatr Cardiol. ePub, 2021
                                                              2. Agarwal A et al: EXIT procedure for fetal mediastinal teratoma with large pericardial effusion: a case report with review of literature. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 31(8):1099-103, 2018
                                                              3. Shitara Y et al: Cytokine profiles in pericardial effusion in a down syndrome infant with transient abnormal myelopoiesis. Tohoku J Exp Med. 241(2):149-53, 2017
                                                              4. Hichijo A et al: A case of fetal parvovirus b19 myocarditis that caused terminal heart failure. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2014:463571, 2014
                                                              5. Kyeong KS et al: Clinical outcomes of prenatally diagnosed cases of isolated and nonisolated pericardial effusion. Fetal Diagn Ther. 36(4):320-5, 2014
                                                              6. Lin TW et al: Infantile cardiac vascular tumour: from prenatal diagnosis to postnatal treatment. Cardiol Young. 1-4, 2014
                                                              7. Kalelioğlu IH et al: Intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia: report of 2 cases with prenatal diagnosis. J Ultrasound Med. 31(11):1825-8, 2012
                                                              8. Haino K et al: Morgagni hernia with massive pericardial effusion diagnosed in the second trimester: prenatal diagnosis and perinatal management. Fetal Diagn Ther. 29(1):108-10, 2011
                                                              9. Carrard C et al: Fetal right ventricular diverticulum with pericardial effusion: report of a new case treated by in utero pericardiocentesis. Pediatr Cardiol. 31(6):891-3, 2010
                                                              10. Rychik J et al: Fetal cardiovascular effects of lower urinary tract obstruction with giant bladder. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 36(6):682-6, 2010
                                                              11. Sekar P et al: A case of restrictive cardiomyopathy presenting in fetal life with an isolated pericardial effusion. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 35(3):369-72, 2010
                                                              12. Abi-Nader K et al: Successful outcome after prenatal treatment of a cardiac diverticulum with massive pericardial effusion. Fetal Diagn Ther. 25(1):148-52, 2009
                                                              13. Steffensen TS et al: Massive pericardial effusion treated with in utero pericardioamniotic shunt in a fetus with intrapericardial teratoma. Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 28(5):216-31, 2009
                                                              14. Truin G et al: Pericardial and abdominal fluid accumulation in congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ia. Mol Genet Metab. 94(4):481-4, 2008
                                                              15. Hara K et al: Massive pericardial effusion in an early gestational fetus having intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 33(4):561-5, 2007
                                                              16. Pachy F et al: Intrapericardial teratoma with hydrops leading to in utero demise. Prenat Diagn. 27(10):970-2, 2007
                                                              17. Kamil D et al: Fetal pericardial teratoma causing cardiac insufficiency: Prenatal diagnosis and therapy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 28(7):972-3, 2006
                                                              18. Laga S et al: Imminent fetal cardiac tamponade by right atrial hemangioma. Pediatr Cardiol. 27(5):633-5, 2006
                                                              19. Slesnick TC et al: Characteristics and outcomes of fetuses with pericardial effusions. Am J Cardiol. 96(4):599-601, 2005
                                                              20. Dizon-Townson DS et al: A prospective evaluation of fetal pericardial fluid in 506 second-trimester low-risk pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol. 90(6):958-61, 1997