Darragh Brady, MD; John Duignan, MB BCh, BAO, MRCPI; Jonathan D. Dodd, MD, MSc, MRCPI, FFR(RCSI)
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Compression of heart chambers by pericardial fluid, gas, or solid tissue with hemodynamic sequelae
Potential space separates visceral and parietal serosal layers and normally contains up to 50 mL of serous fluid (plasma ultrafiltrate)
Pressure-volume curve behavior of this finite space depends on rate of accumulation
When intrapericardial pressure rises to critical point, lowest pressure chambers are compressed first, and hemodynamic sequelae are manifest
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Treatment
Selected References
Tuck BC et al: Clinical update in pericardial diseases. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. ePub, 2018
Appleton C et al: Cardiac tamponade. Cardiol Clin. 35(4):525-37, 2017
Azarbal A et al: Pericardial effusion. Cardiol Clin. 35(4):515-24, 2017
Xu B et al: Imaging of the pericardium: A multimodality cardiovascular imaging update. Cardiol Clin. 35(4):491-503, 2017
Adler Y et al: 2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Endorsed by: The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 36(42):2921-64, 2015
Dawson D et al: Contemporary imaging of the pericardium. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 4(6):680-4, 2011. Erratum in: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 4(7):819, 2011
Rajiah P: Cardiac MRI: Part 2, pericardial diseases. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 197(4):W621-34, 2011
Fortuño Andrés JR et al: Radiological approach to cardiac tamponade. Radiologia. 52(5):414-24, 2010
Rajiah P et al: Computed tomography of the pericardium and pericardial disease. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 4(1):3-18, 2010
Yared K et al: Multimodality imaging of pericardial diseases. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 3(6):650-60, 2010
Klein SV et al: CT directed diagnostic and therapeutic pericardiocentesis: 8-year experience at a single institution. Emerg Radiol. 11(6):353-63, 2005
Weich HS et al: Large pericardial effusions due to systemic lupus erythematosus: a report of eight cases. Lupus. 14(6):450-7, 2005
Kabukcu M et al: Pericardial tamponade and large pericardial effusions: causal factors and efficacy of percutaneous catheter drainage in 50 patients. Tex Heart Inst J. 31(4):398-403, 2004
Goldstein L et al: CT diagnosis of acute pericardial tamponade after blunt chest trauma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 152(4):739-41, 1989
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Compression of heart chambers by pericardial fluid, gas, or solid tissue with hemodynamic sequelae
Potential space separates visceral and parietal serosal layers and normally contains up to 50 mL of serous fluid (plasma ultrafiltrate)
Pressure-volume curve behavior of this finite space depends on rate of accumulation
When intrapericardial pressure rises to critical point, lowest pressure chambers are compressed first, and hemodynamic sequelae are manifest
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Treatment
Selected References
Tuck BC et al: Clinical update in pericardial diseases. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. ePub, 2018
Appleton C et al: Cardiac tamponade. Cardiol Clin. 35(4):525-37, 2017
Azarbal A et al: Pericardial effusion. Cardiol Clin. 35(4):515-24, 2017
Xu B et al: Imaging of the pericardium: A multimodality cardiovascular imaging update. Cardiol Clin. 35(4):491-503, 2017
Adler Y et al: 2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Endorsed by: The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 36(42):2921-64, 2015
Dawson D et al: Contemporary imaging of the pericardium. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 4(6):680-4, 2011. Erratum in: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 4(7):819, 2011
Rajiah P: Cardiac MRI: Part 2, pericardial diseases. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 197(4):W621-34, 2011
Fortuño Andrés JR et al: Radiological approach to cardiac tamponade. Radiologia. 52(5):414-24, 2010
Rajiah P et al: Computed tomography of the pericardium and pericardial disease. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 4(1):3-18, 2010
Yared K et al: Multimodality imaging of pericardial diseases. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 3(6):650-60, 2010
Klein SV et al: CT directed diagnostic and therapeutic pericardiocentesis: 8-year experience at a single institution. Emerg Radiol. 11(6):353-63, 2005
Weich HS et al: Large pericardial effusions due to systemic lupus erythematosus: a report of eight cases. Lupus. 14(6):450-7, 2005
Kabukcu M et al: Pericardial tamponade and large pericardial effusions: causal factors and efficacy of percutaneous catheter drainage in 50 patients. Tex Heart Inst J. 31(4):398-403, 2004