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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Peritoneal inclusion cyst (PIC)
Synonyms
Peritoneal pseudocyst
Inflammatory cysts of pelvic peritoneum
Multilocular inclusion cyst
Entrapped ovarian cyst/syndrome
Benign (multi) cystic peritoneal mesotheliomas
Postoperative peritoneal cysts
Benign papillary peritoneal cystosis
Definitions
Benign cystic pelvic masses secondary to nonneoplastic reactive mesothelial proliferation
Occur almost exclusively in premenopausal females who have active ovaries and pelvic adhesions with impaired absorption of peritoneal fluid
IMAGING
General Features
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Ackerman S et al: Ovarian cystic lesions: a current approach to diagnosis and management. Radiol Clin North Am. 51(6):1067-85, 2013
Bharwani N et al: Peritoneal pseudocysts: aetiology, imaging appearances, and natural history. Clin Radiol. 68(8):828-36, 2013
Patel MD et al: Managing incidental findings on abdominal and pelvic CT and MRI, part 1: white paper of the ACR Incidental Findings Committee II on adnexal findings. J Am Coll Radiol. 10(9):675-81, 2013
Ross EK et al: Incidental ovarian cysts: When to reassure, when to reassess, when to refer. Cleve Clin J Med. 80(8):503-14, 2013
Veldhuis WB et al: Peritoneal inclusion cysts: clinical characteristics and imaging features. Eur Radiol. 23(4):1167-74, 2013
Ho-Fung V et al: Peritoneal inclusion cyst. Pediatr Emerg Care. 27(5):430-1, 2011
Saxena AK et al: Pre-pubertal presentation of peritoneal inclusion cyst associated with congenital lower extremity venous valve agenesis. JSLS. 15(2):264-7, 2011
Heilbrun ME et al: Imaging of benign adnexal masses: characteristic presentations on ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 21(4):213-23, 2010
Lim HK et al: Sclerotherapy of peritoneal inclusion cysts: a long-term evaluation study. Abdom Imaging. 35(4):431-6, 2010
Moyle PL et al: Nonovarian cystic lesions of the pelvis. Radiographics. 30(4):921-38, 2010
Paspulati RM et al: Imaging of complications following gynecologic surgery. Radiographics. 30(3):625-42, 2010
Amesse LS et al: Peritoneal inclusion cysts in adolescent females: a clinicopathological characterization of four cases. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 22(1):41-8, 2009
Heilbrun ME et al: Imaging of benign adnexal masses: characteristic presentations on ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 52(1):21-39, 2009
Vallerie AM et al: Peritoneal inclusion cysts: a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 64(5):321-34, 2009
Advincula AP et al: Acute urinary retention caused by a large peritoneal inclusion cyst: a case report. J Reprod Med. 51(3):202-4, 2006
Chang WC et al: CT and MRI of adnexal masses in patients with primary nonovarian malignancy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 186(4):1039-45, 2006
Durak E et al: Multilocular peritoneal inclusion cyst. Surgery. 137(5):580, 2005
Guerriero S et al: Role of transvaginal sonography in the diagnosis of peritoneal inclusion cysts. J Ultrasound Med. 23(9):1193-200, 2004
Savelli L et al: Transvaginal sonographic appearance of peritoneal pseudocysts. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 23(3):284-8, 2004
Toprak U et al: Sonographic, CT, and MRI findings of endometrial stromal sarcoma located in the myometrium and associated with peritoneal inclusion cyst. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(6):1531-3, 2004
Adolph AJ et al: Benign multicystic mesothelioma: a case report. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 24(3):246-7, 2002
Jeong JY et al: Sclerotherapy of peritoneal inclusion cysts: preliminary results in seven patients. Korean J Radiol. 2(3):164-70, 2001
Omeroglu A et al: Multilocular peritoneal inclusion cyst (benign cystic mesothelioma). Arch Pathol Lab Med. 125(8):1123-4, 2001
Brustmann H: Multilocular peritoneal inclusion cyst with extensive xanthogranulomatous stromal changes: a differential diagnosis of cystic pelvic tumors in women. Ann Diagn Pathol. 4(5):308-10, 2000
Jain KA: Imaging of peritoneal inclusion cysts. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 174(6):1559-63, 2000
Nozawa S et al: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue therapy for peritoneal inclusion cysts after gynecological surgery. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 26(6):389-93, 2000
Kim JS et al: Peritoneal inclusion cysts and their relationship to the ovaries: evaluation with sonography. Radiology. 204(2):481-4, 1997
Sohaey R et al: Sonographic diagnosis of peritoneal inclusion cysts. J Ultrasound Med. 14(12):913-7, 1995
Kurachi H et al: Imaging of peritoneal pseudocysts: value of MR imaging compared with sonography and CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 161(3):589-91, 1993
Hoffer FA et al: Peritoneal inclusion cysts: ovarian fluid in peritoneal adhesions. Radiology. 169(1):189-91, 1988
McFadden DE et al: Peritoneal inclusion cysts with mural mesothelial proliferation. A clinicopathological analysis of six cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 10(12):844-54, 1986
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Peritoneal inclusion cyst (PIC)
Synonyms
Peritoneal pseudocyst
Inflammatory cysts of pelvic peritoneum
Multilocular inclusion cyst
Entrapped ovarian cyst/syndrome
Benign (multi) cystic peritoneal mesotheliomas
Postoperative peritoneal cysts
Benign papillary peritoneal cystosis
Definitions
Benign cystic pelvic masses secondary to nonneoplastic reactive mesothelial proliferation
Occur almost exclusively in premenopausal females who have active ovaries and pelvic adhesions with impaired absorption of peritoneal fluid
IMAGING
General Features
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Ackerman S et al: Ovarian cystic lesions: a current approach to diagnosis and management. Radiol Clin North Am. 51(6):1067-85, 2013
Bharwani N et al: Peritoneal pseudocysts: aetiology, imaging appearances, and natural history. Clin Radiol. 68(8):828-36, 2013
Patel MD et al: Managing incidental findings on abdominal and pelvic CT and MRI, part 1: white paper of the ACR Incidental Findings Committee II on adnexal findings. J Am Coll Radiol. 10(9):675-81, 2013
Ross EK et al: Incidental ovarian cysts: When to reassure, when to reassess, when to refer. Cleve Clin J Med. 80(8):503-14, 2013
Veldhuis WB et al: Peritoneal inclusion cysts: clinical characteristics and imaging features. Eur Radiol. 23(4):1167-74, 2013
Ho-Fung V et al: Peritoneal inclusion cyst. Pediatr Emerg Care. 27(5):430-1, 2011
Saxena AK et al: Pre-pubertal presentation of peritoneal inclusion cyst associated with congenital lower extremity venous valve agenesis. JSLS. 15(2):264-7, 2011
Heilbrun ME et al: Imaging of benign adnexal masses: characteristic presentations on ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 21(4):213-23, 2010
Lim HK et al: Sclerotherapy of peritoneal inclusion cysts: a long-term evaluation study. Abdom Imaging. 35(4):431-6, 2010
Moyle PL et al: Nonovarian cystic lesions of the pelvis. Radiographics. 30(4):921-38, 2010
Paspulati RM et al: Imaging of complications following gynecologic surgery. Radiographics. 30(3):625-42, 2010
Amesse LS et al: Peritoneal inclusion cysts in adolescent females: a clinicopathological characterization of four cases. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 22(1):41-8, 2009
Heilbrun ME et al: Imaging of benign adnexal masses: characteristic presentations on ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 52(1):21-39, 2009
Vallerie AM et al: Peritoneal inclusion cysts: a review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 64(5):321-34, 2009
Advincula AP et al: Acute urinary retention caused by a large peritoneal inclusion cyst: a case report. J Reprod Med. 51(3):202-4, 2006
Chang WC et al: CT and MRI of adnexal masses in patients with primary nonovarian malignancy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 186(4):1039-45, 2006
Durak E et al: Multilocular peritoneal inclusion cyst. Surgery. 137(5):580, 2005
Guerriero S et al: Role of transvaginal sonography in the diagnosis of peritoneal inclusion cysts. J Ultrasound Med. 23(9):1193-200, 2004
Savelli L et al: Transvaginal sonographic appearance of peritoneal pseudocysts. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 23(3):284-8, 2004
Toprak U et al: Sonographic, CT, and MRI findings of endometrial stromal sarcoma located in the myometrium and associated with peritoneal inclusion cyst. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(6):1531-3, 2004
Adolph AJ et al: Benign multicystic mesothelioma: a case report. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 24(3):246-7, 2002
Jeong JY et al: Sclerotherapy of peritoneal inclusion cysts: preliminary results in seven patients. Korean J Radiol. 2(3):164-70, 2001
Omeroglu A et al: Multilocular peritoneal inclusion cyst (benign cystic mesothelioma). Arch Pathol Lab Med. 125(8):1123-4, 2001
Brustmann H: Multilocular peritoneal inclusion cyst with extensive xanthogranulomatous stromal changes: a differential diagnosis of cystic pelvic tumors in women. Ann Diagn Pathol. 4(5):308-10, 2000
Jain KA: Imaging of peritoneal inclusion cysts. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 174(6):1559-63, 2000
Nozawa S et al: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue therapy for peritoneal inclusion cysts after gynecological surgery. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 26(6):389-93, 2000
Kim JS et al: Peritoneal inclusion cysts and their relationship to the ovaries: evaluation with sonography. Radiology. 204(2):481-4, 1997
Sohaey R et al: Sonographic diagnosis of peritoneal inclusion cysts. J Ultrasound Med. 14(12):913-7, 1995
Kurachi H et al: Imaging of peritoneal pseudocysts: value of MR imaging compared with sonography and CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 161(3):589-91, 1993
Hoffer FA et al: Peritoneal inclusion cysts: ovarian fluid in peritoneal adhesions. Radiology. 169(1):189-91, 1988
McFadden DE et al: Peritoneal inclusion cysts with mural mesothelial proliferation. A clinicopathological analysis of six cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 10(12):844-54, 1986
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