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Brain
Diagnosis
Pathology-Based Diagnoses
Stroke
Nonatheromatous Vasculopathy
Persistent Carotid Basilar Anastomoses
Persistent Carotid Basilar Anastomoses
Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS; Karen L. Salzman, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Abbreviations

              • Persistent carotid basilar anastomoses (PCBA)

            • Synonyms

              • Vestigial carotid-basilar anastomoses

            • Definitions

              • Persistence of normally transient embryonic-type arterial supply from carotid to basilar system

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • CT Findings

                • MR Findings

                  • Angiographic Findings

                    • Imaging Recommendations

                      DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                        PATHOLOGY

                        • General Features

                          CLINICAL ISSUES

                          • Presentation

                            • Natural History & Prognosis

                              Selected References

                              1. Brzegowy K et al: Prevalence and clinical implications of the primitive trigeminal artery and its variants: a meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 133:e401-11, 2020
                              2. Ladner TR et al: Resolution of trigeminal neuralgia by coil embolization of a persistent primitive trigeminal artery aneurysm. J Neurointerv Surg. 6(3):e22, 2014
                              3. Teraa M et al: Preserved distal flow in a proximally occluded internal carotid artery due to a persistent proatlantal artery. J Vasc Surg. 59(2):527, 2014
                              4. Tian Y et al: Left type I proatlantal artery with bilateral aberrant vertebral arteries and a ruptured aneurysm: a case report and review of the literature. Surg Radiol Anat. 37(6):689-92, 2014
                              5. Uchino A et al: Cerebral arterial variations associated with moyamoya disease diagnosed by MR angiography. Neuroradiol J. 27(6):697-701, 2014
                              6. Bai M et al: Persistent trigeminal artery/persistent trigeminal artery variant and coexisting variants of the head and neck vessels diagnosed using 3 T MRA. Clin Radiol. 68(11):e578-85, 2013
                              7. Meckel S et al: The persistent trigeminal artery: development, imaging anatomy, variants, and associated vascular pathologies. Neuroradiology. 55(1):5-16, 2013
                              8. Takahashi H et al: Bilateral persistent hypoglossal arteries: MRI findings. Br J Radiol. 85(1010):e46-8, 2012
                              9. Vasović L et al: Trigeminal artery: a review of normal and pathological features. Childs Nerv Syst. 28(1):33-46, 2012
                              10. Vasović L et al: Proatlantal intersegmental artery: a review of normal and pathological features. Childs Nerv Syst. 25(4):411-21, 2009
                              11. Vasović L et al: Hypoglossal artery: a review of normal and pathological features. Neurosurg Rev. 31(4):385-95; discussion 395-6, 2008
                              12. Thayer WP et al: Surgical revascularization in the presence of a preserved primitive carotid-basilar communication. J Vasc Surg. 41(6):1066-9, 2005
                              13. Patel AB et al: Angiographic documentation of a persistent otic artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(1):124-6, 2003
                              14. Uchino A et al: Persistent trigeminal artery variants detected by MR angiography. Eur Radiol. 10(11):1801-4, 2000
                              Related Anatomy
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                              Related Differential Diagnoses
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                              References
                              Tables

                              Tables

                              KEY FACTS

                              • Terminology

                                • Imaging

                                  • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                    • Pathology

                                      • Clinical Issues

                                        TERMINOLOGY

                                        • Abbreviations

                                          • Persistent carotid basilar anastomoses (PCBA)

                                        • Synonyms

                                          • Vestigial carotid-basilar anastomoses

                                        • Definitions

                                          • Persistence of normally transient embryonic-type arterial supply from carotid to basilar system

                                        IMAGING

                                        • General Features

                                          • CT Findings

                                            • MR Findings

                                              • Angiographic Findings

                                                • Imaging Recommendations

                                                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                    PATHOLOGY

                                                    • General Features

                                                      CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                      • Presentation

                                                        • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                          Selected References

                                                          1. Brzegowy K et al: Prevalence and clinical implications of the primitive trigeminal artery and its variants: a meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 133:e401-11, 2020
                                                          2. Ladner TR et al: Resolution of trigeminal neuralgia by coil embolization of a persistent primitive trigeminal artery aneurysm. J Neurointerv Surg. 6(3):e22, 2014
                                                          3. Teraa M et al: Preserved distal flow in a proximally occluded internal carotid artery due to a persistent proatlantal artery. J Vasc Surg. 59(2):527, 2014
                                                          4. Tian Y et al: Left type I proatlantal artery with bilateral aberrant vertebral arteries and a ruptured aneurysm: a case report and review of the literature. Surg Radiol Anat. 37(6):689-92, 2014
                                                          5. Uchino A et al: Cerebral arterial variations associated with moyamoya disease diagnosed by MR angiography. Neuroradiol J. 27(6):697-701, 2014
                                                          6. Bai M et al: Persistent trigeminal artery/persistent trigeminal artery variant and coexisting variants of the head and neck vessels diagnosed using 3 T MRA. Clin Radiol. 68(11):e578-85, 2013
                                                          7. Meckel S et al: The persistent trigeminal artery: development, imaging anatomy, variants, and associated vascular pathologies. Neuroradiology. 55(1):5-16, 2013
                                                          8. Takahashi H et al: Bilateral persistent hypoglossal arteries: MRI findings. Br J Radiol. 85(1010):e46-8, 2012
                                                          9. Vasović L et al: Trigeminal artery: a review of normal and pathological features. Childs Nerv Syst. 28(1):33-46, 2012
                                                          10. Vasović L et al: Proatlantal intersegmental artery: a review of normal and pathological features. Childs Nerv Syst. 25(4):411-21, 2009
                                                          11. Vasović L et al: Hypoglossal artery: a review of normal and pathological features. Neurosurg Rev. 31(4):385-95; discussion 395-6, 2008
                                                          12. Thayer WP et al: Surgical revascularization in the presence of a preserved primitive carotid-basilar communication. J Vasc Surg. 41(6):1066-9, 2005
                                                          13. Patel AB et al: Angiographic documentation of a persistent otic artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(1):124-6, 2003
                                                          14. Uchino A et al: Persistent trigeminal artery variants detected by MR angiography. Eur Radiol. 10(11):1801-4, 2000