Persistence of normally transient embryonic-type arterial supply from carotid to basilar system
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Selected References
Brzegowy K et al: Prevalence and clinical implications of the primitive trigeminal artery and its variants: a meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 133:e401-11, 2020
Ladner TR et al: Resolution of trigeminal neuralgia by coil embolization of a persistent primitive trigeminal artery aneurysm. J Neurointerv Surg. 6(3):e22, 2014
Teraa M et al: Preserved distal flow in a proximally occluded internal carotid artery due to a persistent proatlantal artery. J Vasc Surg. 59(2):527, 2014
Tian Y et al: Left type I proatlantal artery with bilateral aberrant vertebral arteries and a ruptured aneurysm: a case report and review of the literature. Surg Radiol Anat. 37(6):689-92, 2014
Uchino A et al: Cerebral arterial variations associated with moyamoya disease diagnosed by MR angiography. Neuroradiol J. 27(6):697-701, 2014
Bai M et al: Persistent trigeminal artery/persistent trigeminal artery variant and coexisting variants of the head and neck vessels diagnosed using 3 T MRA. Clin Radiol. 68(11):e578-85, 2013
Meckel S et al: The persistent trigeminal artery: development, imaging anatomy, variants, and associated vascular pathologies. Neuroradiology. 55(1):5-16, 2013
Takahashi H et al: Bilateral persistent hypoglossal arteries: MRI findings. Br J Radiol. 85(1010):e46-8, 2012
Vasović L et al: Trigeminal artery: a review of normal and pathological features. Childs Nerv Syst. 28(1):33-46, 2012
Vasović L et al: Proatlantal intersegmental artery: a review of normal and pathological features. Childs Nerv Syst. 25(4):411-21, 2009
Vasović L et al: Hypoglossal artery: a review of normal and pathological features. Neurosurg Rev. 31(4):385-95; discussion 395-6, 2008
Thayer WP et al: Surgical revascularization in the presence of a preserved primitive carotid-basilar communication. J Vasc Surg. 41(6):1066-9, 2005
Patel AB et al: Angiographic documentation of a persistent otic artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(1):124-6, 2003
Uchino A et al: Persistent trigeminal artery variants detected by MR angiography. Eur Radiol. 10(11):1801-4, 2000
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Persistent carotid basilar anastomoses (PCBA)
Synonyms
Vestigial carotid-basilar anastomoses
Definitions
Persistence of normally transient embryonic-type arterial supply from carotid to basilar system
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Selected References
Brzegowy K et al: Prevalence and clinical implications of the primitive trigeminal artery and its variants: a meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 133:e401-11, 2020
Ladner TR et al: Resolution of trigeminal neuralgia by coil embolization of a persistent primitive trigeminal artery aneurysm. J Neurointerv Surg. 6(3):e22, 2014
Teraa M et al: Preserved distal flow in a proximally occluded internal carotid artery due to a persistent proatlantal artery. J Vasc Surg. 59(2):527, 2014
Tian Y et al: Left type I proatlantal artery with bilateral aberrant vertebral arteries and a ruptured aneurysm: a case report and review of the literature. Surg Radiol Anat. 37(6):689-92, 2014
Uchino A et al: Cerebral arterial variations associated with moyamoya disease diagnosed by MR angiography. Neuroradiol J. 27(6):697-701, 2014
Bai M et al: Persistent trigeminal artery/persistent trigeminal artery variant and coexisting variants of the head and neck vessels diagnosed using 3 T MRA. Clin Radiol. 68(11):e578-85, 2013
Meckel S et al: The persistent trigeminal artery: development, imaging anatomy, variants, and associated vascular pathologies. Neuroradiology. 55(1):5-16, 2013
Takahashi H et al: Bilateral persistent hypoglossal arteries: MRI findings. Br J Radiol. 85(1010):e46-8, 2012
Vasović L et al: Trigeminal artery: a review of normal and pathological features. Childs Nerv Syst. 28(1):33-46, 2012
Vasović L et al: Proatlantal intersegmental artery: a review of normal and pathological features. Childs Nerv Syst. 25(4):411-21, 2009
Vasović L et al: Hypoglossal artery: a review of normal and pathological features. Neurosurg Rev. 31(4):385-95; discussion 395-6, 2008
Thayer WP et al: Surgical revascularization in the presence of a preserved primitive carotid-basilar communication. J Vasc Surg. 41(6):1066-9, 2005
Patel AB et al: Angiographic documentation of a persistent otic artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(1):124-6, 2003
Uchino A et al: Persistent trigeminal artery variants detected by MR angiography. Eur Radiol. 10(11):1801-4, 2000
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