Persistent stapedial artery (PSA): Rare congenital vascular anomaly in which embryologic stapedial artery persists
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Kumar R et al: Detecting causes of pulsatile tinnitus on CT arteriography-venography: a pictorial review. Eur J Radiol. 139:109722, 2021
Quatre R et al: Persistent stapedial artery in PHACE syndrome. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 136(3):215-7, 2019
Hill FC et al: Persistent stapedial artery with ankylosis of the stapes footplate. Ear Nose Throat J. 97(8):227-8, 2018
Stevens SM et al: Two consecutive cases of persistent stapedial artery managed with a carbon dioxide laser. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 127(1):59-63, 2018
Goderie TPM et al: Surgical management of a persistent stapedial artery: a review. Otol Neurotol. 38(6):788-91, 2017
Hitier M et al: Persistent stapedial arteries in human: from phylogeny to surgical consequences. Surg Radiol Anat. 35(10):883-91, 2013
Saini J et al: Aberrant petrous internal carotid artery with cochlear anomaly-an unusual association. Surg Radiol Anat. 30(5):453-7, 2008
Koesling S et al: Vascular anomalies, sutures and small canals of the temporal bone on axial CT. Eur J Radiol. 54(3):335-43, 2005
Yilmaz T et al: Persistent stapedial artery: MR angiographic and CT findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(6):1133-5, 2003
Silbergleit R et al: The persistent stapedial artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 21(3):572-7, 2000
Thiers FA et al: Persistent stapedial artery: CT findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 21(8):1551-4, 2000
Moreano EH et al: Prevalence of facial canal dehiscence and of persistent stapedial artery in the human middle ear: a report of 1000 temporal bones. Laryngoscope. 104(3 Pt 1):309-20, 1994
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
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TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Persistent stapedial artery (PSA): Rare congenital vascular anomaly in which embryologic stapedial artery persists
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Kumar R et al: Detecting causes of pulsatile tinnitus on CT arteriography-venography: a pictorial review. Eur J Radiol. 139:109722, 2021
Quatre R et al: Persistent stapedial artery in PHACE syndrome. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 136(3):215-7, 2019
Hill FC et al: Persistent stapedial artery with ankylosis of the stapes footplate. Ear Nose Throat J. 97(8):227-8, 2018
Stevens SM et al: Two consecutive cases of persistent stapedial artery managed with a carbon dioxide laser. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 127(1):59-63, 2018
Goderie TPM et al: Surgical management of a persistent stapedial artery: a review. Otol Neurotol. 38(6):788-91, 2017
Hitier M et al: Persistent stapedial arteries in human: from phylogeny to surgical consequences. Surg Radiol Anat. 35(10):883-91, 2013
Saini J et al: Aberrant petrous internal carotid artery with cochlear anomaly-an unusual association. Surg Radiol Anat. 30(5):453-7, 2008
Koesling S et al: Vascular anomalies, sutures and small canals of the temporal bone on axial CT. Eur J Radiol. 54(3):335-43, 2005
Yilmaz T et al: Persistent stapedial artery: MR angiographic and CT findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(6):1133-5, 2003
Silbergleit R et al: The persistent stapedial artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 21(3):572-7, 2000
Thiers FA et al: Persistent stapedial artery: CT findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 21(8):1551-4, 2000
Moreano EH et al: Prevalence of facial canal dehiscence and of persistent stapedial artery in the human middle ear: a report of 1000 temporal bones. Laryngoscope. 104(3 Pt 1):309-20, 1994
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