Pes planus, pes valgus, congenital hypermobile flatfoot, talipes calcaneovalgus, compensated talipes equinus collapsing pes planovalgus
Definitions
Group of foot disorders having flattened longitudinal arch in common; may have several contributing factors
Clinically, foot is recognized as having some or all of following
Everted heel
Abduction of forefoot on hindfoot
Collapse of medial column
Flexibility of foot with reducibility of deformity
IMAGING
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
Flores DV et al: Adult acquired flatfoot deformity: anatomy, biomechanics, staging, and imaging findings. Radiographics. 39(5):1437-60, 2019
Ford SE et al: Pediatric flatfoot: pearls and pitfalls. Foot Ankle Clin. 22(3):643-56, 2017
Arnoldner MA et al: Imaging of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction-comparison of high-resolution ultrasound and 3T MRI. Eur J Radiol. 84(9):1777-81, 2015
Erol K et al: An important cause of pes planus: the posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. Clin Pract. 5(1):699, 2015
Meyr AJ et al: Descriptive quantitative analysis of rearfoot alignment radiographic parameters. J Foot Ankle Surg. 54(5):860-71, 2015
Shah NS et al: 2013 Subtalar arthroereisis survey: the current practice patterns of members of the AOFAS. Foot Ankle Spec. 8(3):180-5, 2015
Blitz NM et al: Flexible pediatric and adolescent pes planovalgus: conservative and surgical treatment options. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 27(1):59-77, 2010
Blitz NM: Pediatric & adolescent flatfoot reconstruction in combination with middle facet talocalcaneal coalition resection. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 27(1):119-33, 2010
Chen YC et al: Effects of foot orthoses on gait patterns of flat feet patients. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 25(3):265-70, 2010
Ellis SJ et al: Plantar pressures in patients with and without lateral foot pain after lateral column lengthening. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 92(1):81-91, 2010
Arangio GA et al: A biomechanical analysis of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy and flexor digitorum longus transfer in adult acquired flat foot. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2009 May;24(4):385-90. Epub 2009 Mar 9. Erratum in: Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 24(6):530, 2009
Fujii T et al: The influence of flatfoot deformity on the gliding resistance of tendons about the ankle. Foot Ankle Int. 30(11):1107-10, 2009
Hirano T et al: Effects of foot orthoses on the work of friction of the posterior tibial tendon. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 24(9):776-80, 2009
Jerosch J et al: The stop screw technique--a simple and reliable method in treating flexible flatfoot in children. Foot Ankle Surg. 15(4):174-8, 2009
Koning PM et al: Subtalar arthroereisis for pediatric flexible pes planovalgus: fifteen years experience with the cone-shaped implant. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 99(5):447-53, 2009
Kulig K et al: Effect of eccentric exercise program for early tibialis posterior tendinopathy. Foot Ankle Int. 30(9):877-85, 2009
Jacobs AM: Soft tissue procedures for the stabilization of medial arch pathology in the management of flexible flatfoot deformity. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 24(4):657-65, vii-viii, 2007
Scher DM et al: Extensive implant reaction in failed subtalar joint arthroereisis: report of two cases. HSS J. 3(2):177-81, 2007
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Pes planus, pes valgus, congenital hypermobile flatfoot, talipes calcaneovalgus, compensated talipes equinus collapsing pes planovalgus
Definitions
Group of foot disorders having flattened longitudinal arch in common; may have several contributing factors
Clinically, foot is recognized as having some or all of following
Everted heel
Abduction of forefoot on hindfoot
Collapse of medial column
Flexibility of foot with reducibility of deformity
IMAGING
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
Flores DV et al: Adult acquired flatfoot deformity: anatomy, biomechanics, staging, and imaging findings. Radiographics. 39(5):1437-60, 2019
Ford SE et al: Pediatric flatfoot: pearls and pitfalls. Foot Ankle Clin. 22(3):643-56, 2017
Arnoldner MA et al: Imaging of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction-comparison of high-resolution ultrasound and 3T MRI. Eur J Radiol. 84(9):1777-81, 2015
Erol K et al: An important cause of pes planus: the posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. Clin Pract. 5(1):699, 2015
Meyr AJ et al: Descriptive quantitative analysis of rearfoot alignment radiographic parameters. J Foot Ankle Surg. 54(5):860-71, 2015
Shah NS et al: 2013 Subtalar arthroereisis survey: the current practice patterns of members of the AOFAS. Foot Ankle Spec. 8(3):180-5, 2015
Blitz NM et al: Flexible pediatric and adolescent pes planovalgus: conservative and surgical treatment options. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 27(1):59-77, 2010
Blitz NM: Pediatric & adolescent flatfoot reconstruction in combination with middle facet talocalcaneal coalition resection. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 27(1):119-33, 2010
Chen YC et al: Effects of foot orthoses on gait patterns of flat feet patients. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 25(3):265-70, 2010
Ellis SJ et al: Plantar pressures in patients with and without lateral foot pain after lateral column lengthening. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 92(1):81-91, 2010
Arangio GA et al: A biomechanical analysis of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy and flexor digitorum longus transfer in adult acquired flat foot. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2009 May;24(4):385-90. Epub 2009 Mar 9. Erratum in: Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 24(6):530, 2009
Fujii T et al: The influence of flatfoot deformity on the gliding resistance of tendons about the ankle. Foot Ankle Int. 30(11):1107-10, 2009
Hirano T et al: Effects of foot orthoses on the work of friction of the posterior tibial tendon. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 24(9):776-80, 2009
Jerosch J et al: The stop screw technique--a simple and reliable method in treating flexible flatfoot in children. Foot Ankle Surg. 15(4):174-8, 2009
Koning PM et al: Subtalar arthroereisis for pediatric flexible pes planovalgus: fifteen years experience with the cone-shaped implant. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 99(5):447-53, 2009
Kulig K et al: Effect of eccentric exercise program for early tibialis posterior tendinopathy. Foot Ankle Int. 30(9):877-85, 2009
Jacobs AM: Soft tissue procedures for the stabilization of medial arch pathology in the management of flexible flatfoot deformity. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 24(4):657-65, vii-viii, 2007
Scher DM et al: Extensive implant reaction in failed subtalar joint arthroereisis: report of two cases. HSS J. 3(2):177-81, 2007
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