Fracture of immature skeleton involving cartilaginous primary growth plate (physis)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Jalkanen J et al: Physeal fractures of distal tibia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Orthop. ePub, 2021
Khan H et al: What are the risk factors and presenting features of premature physeal arrest of the distal radius? A systematic review. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 31(5):893-900, 2021
Nguyen JC et al: Imaging of pediatric growth plate disturbances. Radiographics. 37(6):1791-812, 2017
Chen J et al: Imaging appearance of entrapped periosteum within a distal femoral Salter-Harris II fracture. Skeletal Radiol. 44(10):1547-51, 2015
Mayer S et al: Pediatric knee dislocations and physeal fractures about the knee. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 23(9):571-80, 2015
Wang DC et al: Imaging of physeal bars in children. Pediatr Radiol. 45(9):1403-12, 2015
Abzug JM et al: Physeal arrest of the distal radius. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 22(6):381-9, 2014
Little JT et al: Pediatric distal forearm and wrist injury: an imaging review. Radiographics. 34(2):472-90, 2014
Fassier A et al: Fractures in children younger than 18 months. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 99(1 Suppl):S160-70, 2013
Gufler H et al: MRI for occult physeal fracture detection in children and adolescents. Acta Radiol. 54(4):467-72, 2013
Podeszwa DA et al: Physeal fractures of the distal tibia and fibula (Salter-Harris Type I, II, III, and IV fractures). J Pediatr Orthop. 32 Suppl 1:S62-8, 2012
Raman S et al: MRI diagnosis of trapped periosteum following incomplete closed reduction of distal tibial Salter-Harris II fracture. Pediatr Radiol. 41(12):1591-4, 2011
Dwek JR: The periosteum: what is it, where is it, and what mimics it in its absence? Skeletal Radiol. 39(4):319-23, 2010
Lippert WC et al: Salter-harris type III fractures of the distal femur: plain radiographs can be deceptive. J Pediatr Orthop. 30(6):598-605, 2010
Schurz M et al: Physeal injuries of the distal tibia: long-term results in 376 patients. Int Orthop. 34(4):547-52, 2010
Soulier R et al: Irreducible Salter Harris type II distal tibial physeal fracture secondary to interposition of the posterior tibial tendon: a case report. J Foot Ankle Surg. 49(4):399, 2010
Basener CJ et al: Growth disturbance after distal femoral growth plate fractures in children: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Trauma. 23(9):663-7, 2009
Laor T et al: Physeal widening in the knee due to stress injury in child athletes. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 186(5):1260-4, 2006
Ecklund K et al: Patterns of premature physeal arrest: MR imaging of 111 children. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(4):967-72, 2002
Ecklund K et al: Imaging of growth disturbance in children. Radiol Clin North Am. 39(4):823-41, 2001
Carey J et al: MRI of pediatric growth plate injury: correlation with plain film radiographs and clinical outcome. Skeletal Radiol. 27(5):250-5, 1998
Ogden JA: Injury to the growth mechanisms of the immature skeleton. Skeletal Radiol. 6(4):237-53, 1981
Salter RB et al: Injuries involving the epiphyseal plate. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 45:587-622, 1963
Related Anatomy
Loading...
Related Differential Diagnoses
Loading...
References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Salter-Harris (SH) fractures 1-5 (I-V)
Definitions
Fracture of immature skeleton involving cartilaginous primary growth plate (physis)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Jalkanen J et al: Physeal fractures of distal tibia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Orthop. ePub, 2021
Khan H et al: What are the risk factors and presenting features of premature physeal arrest of the distal radius? A systematic review. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 31(5):893-900, 2021
Nguyen JC et al: Imaging of pediatric growth plate disturbances. Radiographics. 37(6):1791-812, 2017
Chen J et al: Imaging appearance of entrapped periosteum within a distal femoral Salter-Harris II fracture. Skeletal Radiol. 44(10):1547-51, 2015
Mayer S et al: Pediatric knee dislocations and physeal fractures about the knee. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 23(9):571-80, 2015
Wang DC et al: Imaging of physeal bars in children. Pediatr Radiol. 45(9):1403-12, 2015
Abzug JM et al: Physeal arrest of the distal radius. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 22(6):381-9, 2014
Little JT et al: Pediatric distal forearm and wrist injury: an imaging review. Radiographics. 34(2):472-90, 2014
Fassier A et al: Fractures in children younger than 18 months. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 99(1 Suppl):S160-70, 2013
Gufler H et al: MRI for occult physeal fracture detection in children and adolescents. Acta Radiol. 54(4):467-72, 2013
Podeszwa DA et al: Physeal fractures of the distal tibia and fibula (Salter-Harris Type I, II, III, and IV fractures). J Pediatr Orthop. 32 Suppl 1:S62-8, 2012
Raman S et al: MRI diagnosis of trapped periosteum following incomplete closed reduction of distal tibial Salter-Harris II fracture. Pediatr Radiol. 41(12):1591-4, 2011
Dwek JR: The periosteum: what is it, where is it, and what mimics it in its absence? Skeletal Radiol. 39(4):319-23, 2010
Lippert WC et al: Salter-harris type III fractures of the distal femur: plain radiographs can be deceptive. J Pediatr Orthop. 30(6):598-605, 2010
Schurz M et al: Physeal injuries of the distal tibia: long-term results in 376 patients. Int Orthop. 34(4):547-52, 2010
Soulier R et al: Irreducible Salter Harris type II distal tibial physeal fracture secondary to interposition of the posterior tibial tendon: a case report. J Foot Ankle Surg. 49(4):399, 2010
Basener CJ et al: Growth disturbance after distal femoral growth plate fractures in children: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Trauma. 23(9):663-7, 2009
Laor T et al: Physeal widening in the knee due to stress injury in child athletes. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 186(5):1260-4, 2006
Ecklund K et al: Patterns of premature physeal arrest: MR imaging of 111 children. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(4):967-72, 2002
Ecklund K et al: Imaging of growth disturbance in children. Radiol Clin North Am. 39(4):823-41, 2001
Carey J et al: MRI of pediatric growth plate injury: correlation with plain film radiographs and clinical outcome. Skeletal Radiol. 27(5):250-5, 1998
Ogden JA: Injury to the growth mechanisms of the immature skeleton. Skeletal Radiol. 6(4):237-53, 1981
Salter RB et al: Injuries involving the epiphyseal plate. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 45:587-622, 1963
STATdx includes over 200,000 searchable images, including x-ray, CT, MR, and ultrasound images. To access all images, please log in or subscribe.