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Musculoskeletal
Diagnosis
Trauma
Ankle and Foot
Bones and Joints
Pilon Fracture
Pilon Fracture
Corrie M. Yablon, MD
;
Julia R. Crim, MD
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Tibial plafond: horizontally oriented, weight-bearing articular surface of distal tibia
Pilon fracture (fx): tibial plafond fx due to high-energy axial loading or low-energy twisting mechanism
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Fischer B et al: Reconstruction of severe ankle and pilon fracture malunions. Foot Ankle Clin. 25(2):221-37, 2020
Zelle BA et al: High-energy tibial pilon fractures: an instructional review. Int Orthop. 43(8):1939-50, 2019
Kottmeier SA et al: Pilon fracture: preventing complications. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 26(18):640-51, 2018
Eastman JG et al: Entrapped posteromedial structures in pilon fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 28(9):528-33, 2014
Cole PA et al: The pilon map: fracture lines and comminution zones in OTA/AO type 43C3 pilon fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 27(7):e152-6, 2013
Crim J et al: CT assessment of the prevalence of retinacular injuries associated with hindfoot fractures. Skeletal Radiol. 42(4):487-92, 2013
Klammer G et al: Posterior pilon fractures: a retrospective case series and proposed classification system. Foot Ankle Int. 34(2):189-99, 2013
Mandi DM et al: Pilon fractures. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 29(2):243-78, viii, 2012
Tarkin IS et al: An update on the management of high-energy pilon fractures. Injury. 39(2):142-54, 2008
Chen SH et al: Long-term results of pilon fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 127(1):55-60, 2007
Topliss CJ et al: Anatomy of pilon fractures of the distal tibia. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 87(5):692-7, 2005
Tornetta P 3rd et al: Axial computed tomography of pilon fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. (323):273-6, 1996
Ruwe PA et al: Pilon fractures of the distal tibia. Orthop Rev. 22(9):987-96, 1993
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Tibial plafond: horizontally oriented, weight-bearing articular surface of distal tibia
Pilon fracture (fx): tibial plafond fx due to high-energy axial loading or low-energy twisting mechanism
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Fischer B et al: Reconstruction of severe ankle and pilon fracture malunions. Foot Ankle Clin. 25(2):221-37, 2020
Zelle BA et al: High-energy tibial pilon fractures: an instructional review. Int Orthop. 43(8):1939-50, 2019
Kottmeier SA et al: Pilon fracture: preventing complications. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 26(18):640-51, 2018
Eastman JG et al: Entrapped posteromedial structures in pilon fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 28(9):528-33, 2014
Cole PA et al: The pilon map: fracture lines and comminution zones in OTA/AO type 43C3 pilon fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 27(7):e152-6, 2013
Crim J et al: CT assessment of the prevalence of retinacular injuries associated with hindfoot fractures. Skeletal Radiol. 42(4):487-92, 2013
Klammer G et al: Posterior pilon fractures: a retrospective case series and proposed classification system. Foot Ankle Int. 34(2):189-99, 2013
Mandi DM et al: Pilon fractures. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 29(2):243-78, viii, 2012
Tarkin IS et al: An update on the management of high-energy pilon fractures. Injury. 39(2):142-54, 2008
Chen SH et al: Long-term results of pilon fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 127(1):55-60, 2007
Topliss CJ et al: Anatomy of pilon fractures of the distal tibia. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 87(5):692-7, 2005
Tornetta P 3rd et al: Axial computed tomography of pilon fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. (323):273-6, 1996
Ruwe PA et al: Pilon fractures of the distal tibia. Orthop Rev. 22(9):987-96, 1993
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