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Cysts and Neoplasms
Pineal Cyst
Pineal Cyst
Luke L. Linscott, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Clinical Issues

          • Diagnostic Checklist

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Abbreviations

              • Pineal cyst (PC)

            • Synonyms

              • Benign glial cyst of pineal gland

            • Definitions

              • Nonneoplastic, intrapineal, glial-lined cyst

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • CT Findings

                • MR Findings

                  • Angiographic Findings

                    • Imaging Recommendations

                      DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                        PATHOLOGY

                        • General Features

                          • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                            • Microscopic Features

                              CLINICAL ISSUES

                              • Presentation

                                • Demographics

                                  • Natural History & Prognosis

                                    • Treatment

                                      DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                      • Consider

                                        • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                          Selected References

                                          1. Koziarski A et al: Surgical treatment of pineal cysts in non-hydrocephalic and neurologically intact patients: selection of surgical candidates and clinical outcome. Br J Neurosurg. 33(1):37-42, 2019
                                          2. DelRosso LM et al: Sleep disorders in children with incidental pineal cyst on MRI: a pilot study. Sleep Med. 48:127-30, 2018
                                          3. Gokce E et al: Evaluation of pineal cysts with magnetic resonance imaging. World J Radiol. 10(7):65-77, 2018
                                          4. Jussila MP et al: Follow-up of pineal cysts in children: is it necessary? Neuroradiology. 59(12):1265-73, 2017
                                          5. Májovský M et al: Melatonin and cortisol secretion profile in patients with pineal cyst before and after pineal cyst resection. J Clin Neurosci. 39:155-63, 2017
                                          6. Nevins EJ et al: Incidental pineal cysts: is surveillance necessary? World Neurosurg. 90:96-102, 2016
                                          7. Berhouma M et al: Update on the management of pineal cysts: case series and a review of the literature. Neurochirurgie. 61(2-3):201-7., 2014
                                          8. Kahilogullari G et al: Pineal cysts in children: case-based update. Childs Nerv Syst. 29(5):753-60, 2013
                                          9. Whitehead MT et al: Incidental pineal cysts in children who undergo 3-T MRI. Pediatr Radiol. 43(12):1577-83, 2013
                                          10. Bumb JM et al: TrueFISP of the pediatric pineal gland: volumetric and microstructural analysis. Clin Neuroradiol. 22(1):69-77, 2012
                                          11. Jia W et al: Transcallosal interforniceal approach to pineal region tumors in 150 children. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 7(1):98-103, 2011
                                          12. Lacroix-Boudhrioua V et al: Pineal cysts in children. Insights Imaging. 2(6):671-8, 2011
                                          13. Al-Holou WN et al: The natural history of pineal cysts in children and young adults. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 5(2):162-6, 2010
                                          14. Al-Holou WN et al: Prevalence of pineal cysts in children and young adults. Clinical article. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 4(3):230-6, 2009
                                          15. Cauley KA et al: Serial follow-up MRI of indeterminate cystic lesions of the pineal region: experience at a rural tertiary care referral center. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(2):533-7, 2009
                                          16. Costa F et al: Symptomatic pineal cyst: case report and review of the literature. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 51(4):231-3, 2008
                                          17. Fakhran S et al: Pineocytoma mimicking a pineal cyst on imaging: true diagnostic dilemma or a case of incomplete imaging? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 29(1):159-63, 2008
                                          18. Taraszewska A et al: Asymptomatic and symptomatic glial cysts of the pineal gland. Folia Neuropathol. 46(3):186-95, 2008
                                          19. Michielsen G et al: Symptomatic pineal cysts: clinical manifestations and management. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 144(3):233-42; discussion 242, 2002
                                          20. Barboriak DP et al: Serial MR imaging of pineal cysts: implications for natural history and follow-up. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176(3):737-43, 2001
                                          21. Korogi Y et al: MRI of pineal region tumors. J Neurooncol. 54(3):251-61, 2001
                                          22. Engel U et al: Cystic lesions of the pineal region--MRI and pathology. Neuroradiology. 42(6):399-402, 2000
                                          23. Kang HS et al: Large glial cyst of the pineal gland: a possible growth mechanism. Case report. J Neurosurg. 88(1):138-40, 1998
                                          24. Sawamura Y et al: Magnetic resonance images reveal a high incidence of asymptomatic pineal cysts in young women. Neurosurgery. 37(1):11-5; discussion 15-6, 1995
                                          25. Sener RN: The pineal gland: a comparative MR imaging study in children and adults with respect to normal anatomical variations and pineal cysts. Pediatr Radiol. 25(4):245-8, 1995
                                          26. Fleege MA et al: Benign glial cysts of the pineal gland: unusual imaging characteristics with histologic correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 15(1):161-6, 1994
                                          27. Tofts PS et al: Transit time and ratio of moments. Phys Med Biol. 24(2):455, 1979
                                          Related Anatomy
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                                          Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                          References
                                          Tables

                                          Tables

                                          KEY FACTS

                                          • Terminology

                                            • Imaging

                                              • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                • Clinical Issues

                                                  • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                    TERMINOLOGY

                                                    • Abbreviations

                                                      • Pineal cyst (PC)

                                                    • Synonyms

                                                      • Benign glial cyst of pineal gland

                                                    • Definitions

                                                      • Nonneoplastic, intrapineal, glial-lined cyst

                                                    IMAGING

                                                    • General Features

                                                      • CT Findings

                                                        • MR Findings

                                                          • Angiographic Findings

                                                            • Imaging Recommendations

                                                              DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                PATHOLOGY

                                                                • General Features

                                                                  • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                    • Microscopic Features

                                                                      CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                      • Presentation

                                                                        • Demographics

                                                                          • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                            • Treatment

                                                                              DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                              • Consider

                                                                                • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                  Selected References

                                                                                  1. Koziarski A et al: Surgical treatment of pineal cysts in non-hydrocephalic and neurologically intact patients: selection of surgical candidates and clinical outcome. Br J Neurosurg. 33(1):37-42, 2019
                                                                                  2. DelRosso LM et al: Sleep disorders in children with incidental pineal cyst on MRI: a pilot study. Sleep Med. 48:127-30, 2018
                                                                                  3. Gokce E et al: Evaluation of pineal cysts with magnetic resonance imaging. World J Radiol. 10(7):65-77, 2018
                                                                                  4. Jussila MP et al: Follow-up of pineal cysts in children: is it necessary? Neuroradiology. 59(12):1265-73, 2017
                                                                                  5. Májovský M et al: Melatonin and cortisol secretion profile in patients with pineal cyst before and after pineal cyst resection. J Clin Neurosci. 39:155-63, 2017
                                                                                  6. Nevins EJ et al: Incidental pineal cysts: is surveillance necessary? World Neurosurg. 90:96-102, 2016
                                                                                  7. Berhouma M et al: Update on the management of pineal cysts: case series and a review of the literature. Neurochirurgie. 61(2-3):201-7., 2014
                                                                                  8. Kahilogullari G et al: Pineal cysts in children: case-based update. Childs Nerv Syst. 29(5):753-60, 2013
                                                                                  9. Whitehead MT et al: Incidental pineal cysts in children who undergo 3-T MRI. Pediatr Radiol. 43(12):1577-83, 2013
                                                                                  10. Bumb JM et al: TrueFISP of the pediatric pineal gland: volumetric and microstructural analysis. Clin Neuroradiol. 22(1):69-77, 2012
                                                                                  11. Jia W et al: Transcallosal interforniceal approach to pineal region tumors in 150 children. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 7(1):98-103, 2011
                                                                                  12. Lacroix-Boudhrioua V et al: Pineal cysts in children. Insights Imaging. 2(6):671-8, 2011
                                                                                  13. Al-Holou WN et al: The natural history of pineal cysts in children and young adults. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 5(2):162-6, 2010
                                                                                  14. Al-Holou WN et al: Prevalence of pineal cysts in children and young adults. Clinical article. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 4(3):230-6, 2009
                                                                                  15. Cauley KA et al: Serial follow-up MRI of indeterminate cystic lesions of the pineal region: experience at a rural tertiary care referral center. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(2):533-7, 2009
                                                                                  16. Costa F et al: Symptomatic pineal cyst: case report and review of the literature. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 51(4):231-3, 2008
                                                                                  17. Fakhran S et al: Pineocytoma mimicking a pineal cyst on imaging: true diagnostic dilemma or a case of incomplete imaging? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 29(1):159-63, 2008
                                                                                  18. Taraszewska A et al: Asymptomatic and symptomatic glial cysts of the pineal gland. Folia Neuropathol. 46(3):186-95, 2008
                                                                                  19. Michielsen G et al: Symptomatic pineal cysts: clinical manifestations and management. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 144(3):233-42; discussion 242, 2002
                                                                                  20. Barboriak DP et al: Serial MR imaging of pineal cysts: implications for natural history and follow-up. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176(3):737-43, 2001
                                                                                  21. Korogi Y et al: MRI of pineal region tumors. J Neurooncol. 54(3):251-61, 2001
                                                                                  22. Engel U et al: Cystic lesions of the pineal region--MRI and pathology. Neuroradiology. 42(6):399-402, 2000
                                                                                  23. Kang HS et al: Large glial cyst of the pineal gland: a possible growth mechanism. Case report. J Neurosurg. 88(1):138-40, 1998
                                                                                  24. Sawamura Y et al: Magnetic resonance images reveal a high incidence of asymptomatic pineal cysts in young women. Neurosurgery. 37(1):11-5; discussion 15-6, 1995
                                                                                  25. Sener RN: The pineal gland: a comparative MR imaging study in children and adults with respect to normal anatomical variations and pineal cysts. Pediatr Radiol. 25(4):245-8, 1995
                                                                                  26. Fleege MA et al: Benign glial cysts of the pineal gland: unusual imaging characteristics with histologic correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 15(1):161-6, 1994
                                                                                  27. Tofts PS et al: Transit time and ratio of moments. Phys Med Biol. 24(2):455, 1979