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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Upper limit of normal pituitary height varies with age, sex
Pregnant/lactating females: 12 mm
Young menstruating females: 10 mm
Males, postmenopausal females: 8 mm
Infants, children: 6 mm
Nonphysiologic pituitary hyperplasia seen with
Longstanding untreated primary hypothyroidism
Addison disease, end-organ failure, some neuroendocrine neoplasms
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Du J et al: Pituitary adenoma secondary to primary hypothyroidism: two case reports. Medicine (Baltimore). 99(8):e19222, 2020
Takayasu S et al: Presence of aberrant adrenocorticotropic hormone precursors in two cases of McCune-Albright syndrome. Endocr J. 67(3):353-9, 2020
Cossu G et al: Comprehensive evaluation of rare pituitary lesions: a single tertiary care pituitary center experience and review of the literature. Endocr Pathol. 30(3):219-36, 2019
Kinoshita Y et al: Physiologic pituitary hyperplasia causing visual disturbance during adolescence. J Clin Neurosci. 61:279-81, 2019
Shivaprasad KS et al: Pituitary hyperplasia from primary hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med. 380(8):e9, 2019
Shukla P et al: Pituitary hyperplasia in severe primary hypothyroidism: a case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Endocrinol. 2019:2012546, 2019
Biswas SN et al: Physiological pituitary hyperplasia misinterpreted and treated as lymphocytic hypophysitis. BMJ Case Rep. 2018, 2018
Cao J et al: Primary hypothyroidism in a child leads to pituitary hyperplasia: a case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 97(42):e12703, 2018
Nachawi N et al: Pituitary 'pseudotumor': an under-recognised complication of undertreated primary hypothyroidism. BMJ Case Rep. 2018, 2018
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Upper limit of normal pituitary height varies with age, sex
Pregnant/lactating females: 12 mm
Young menstruating females: 10 mm
Males, postmenopausal females: 8 mm
Infants, children: 6 mm
Nonphysiologic pituitary hyperplasia seen with
Longstanding untreated primary hypothyroidism
Addison disease, end-organ failure, some neuroendocrine neoplasms
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Du J et al: Pituitary adenoma secondary to primary hypothyroidism: two case reports. Medicine (Baltimore). 99(8):e19222, 2020
Takayasu S et al: Presence of aberrant adrenocorticotropic hormone precursors in two cases of McCune-Albright syndrome. Endocr J. 67(3):353-9, 2020
Cossu G et al: Comprehensive evaluation of rare pituitary lesions: a single tertiary care pituitary center experience and review of the literature. Endocr Pathol. 30(3):219-36, 2019
Kinoshita Y et al: Physiologic pituitary hyperplasia causing visual disturbance during adolescence. J Clin Neurosci. 61:279-81, 2019
Shivaprasad KS et al: Pituitary hyperplasia from primary hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med. 380(8):e9, 2019
Shukla P et al: Pituitary hyperplasia in severe primary hypothyroidism: a case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Endocrinol. 2019:2012546, 2019
Biswas SN et al: Physiological pituitary hyperplasia misinterpreted and treated as lymphocytic hypophysitis. BMJ Case Rep. 2018, 2018
Cao J et al: Primary hypothyroidism in a child leads to pituitary hyperplasia: a case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 97(42):e12703, 2018
Nachawi N et al: Pituitary 'pseudotumor': an under-recognised complication of undertreated primary hypothyroidism. BMJ Case Rep. 2018, 2018
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