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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Upper limit of normal pituitary height varies with age, sex
- Pregnant/lactating females: 12 mm
- Young menstruating females: 10 mm
- Males, postmenopausal females: 8 mm
- Infants, children: 6 mm
- Nonphysiologic pituitary hyperplasia seen with
- Longstanding untreated primary hypothyroidism
- Addison disease, end-organ failure, some neuroendocrine neoplasms
- Upper limit of normal pituitary height varies with age, sex
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Du J et al: Pituitary adenoma secondary to primary hypothyroidism: two case reports. Medicine (Baltimore). 99(8):e19222, 2020
- Takayasu S et al: Presence of aberrant adrenocorticotropic hormone precursors in two cases of McCune-Albright syndrome. Endocr J. 67(3):353-9, 2020
- Cossu G et al: Comprehensive evaluation of rare pituitary lesions: a single tertiary care pituitary center experience and review of the literature. Endocr Pathol. 30(3):219-36, 2019
- Kinoshita Y et al: Physiologic pituitary hyperplasia causing visual disturbance during adolescence. J Clin Neurosci. 61:279-81, 2019
- Shivaprasad KS et al: Pituitary hyperplasia from primary hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med. 380(8):e9, 2019
- Shukla P et al: Pituitary hyperplasia in severe primary hypothyroidism: a case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Endocrinol. 2019:2012546, 2019
- Biswas SN et al: Physiological pituitary hyperplasia misinterpreted and treated as lymphocytic hypophysitis. BMJ Case Rep. 2018, 2018
- Cao J et al: Primary hypothyroidism in a child leads to pituitary hyperplasia: a case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 97(42):e12703, 2018
- Nachawi N et al: Pituitary 'pseudotumor': an under-recognised complication of undertreated primary hypothyroidism. BMJ Case Rep. 2018, 2018
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Upper limit of normal pituitary height varies with age, sex
- Pregnant/lactating females: 12 mm
- Young menstruating females: 10 mm
- Males, postmenopausal females: 8 mm
- Infants, children: 6 mm
- Nonphysiologic pituitary hyperplasia seen with
- Longstanding untreated primary hypothyroidism
- Addison disease, end-organ failure, some neuroendocrine neoplasms
- Upper limit of normal pituitary height varies with age, sex
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Du J et al: Pituitary adenoma secondary to primary hypothyroidism: two case reports. Medicine (Baltimore). 99(8):e19222, 2020
- Takayasu S et al: Presence of aberrant adrenocorticotropic hormone precursors in two cases of McCune-Albright syndrome. Endocr J. 67(3):353-9, 2020
- Cossu G et al: Comprehensive evaluation of rare pituitary lesions: a single tertiary care pituitary center experience and review of the literature. Endocr Pathol. 30(3):219-36, 2019
- Kinoshita Y et al: Physiologic pituitary hyperplasia causing visual disturbance during adolescence. J Clin Neurosci. 61:279-81, 2019
- Shivaprasad KS et al: Pituitary hyperplasia from primary hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med. 380(8):e9, 2019
- Shukla P et al: Pituitary hyperplasia in severe primary hypothyroidism: a case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Endocrinol. 2019:2012546, 2019
- Biswas SN et al: Physiological pituitary hyperplasia misinterpreted and treated as lymphocytic hypophysitis. BMJ Case Rep. 2018, 2018
- Cao J et al: Primary hypothyroidism in a child leads to pituitary hyperplasia: a case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 97(42):e12703, 2018
- Nachawi N et al: Pituitary 'pseudotumor': an under-recognised complication of undertreated primary hypothyroidism. BMJ Case Rep. 2018, 2018
