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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Placenta previa (PP)
- Low-lying placenta (LLP)
Definitions
- Placenta extending to or covering internal os (IO) after 16 weeks
- Abnormal placental implantation in lower uterine segment (LUS)
- ↑ risk of maternal and fetal morbidity
- New revised classification with 3 categories only
- PP: Placenta covers IO
- LLP: Placenta edge ≤ 2 cm from IO
- Normal: Placenta edge > 2 cm from IO
- Previous classification with marginal and partial PP deemed confusing
- Placenta extending to or covering internal os (IO) after 16 weeks
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Silver RM: Abnormal placentation: placenta previa, vasa previa, and placenta accreta. Obstet Gynecol. 126(3):654-68, 2015
- Quant HS et al: Transabdominal ultrasonography as a screening test for second-trimester placenta previa. Obstet Gynecol. 123(3):628-33, 2014
- Reddy UM et al: Fetal imaging: executive summary of a joint Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American College of Radiology, Society for Pediatric Radiology, and Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Fetal Imaging Workshop. J Ultrasound Med. 33(5):745-57, 2014
- Räisänen S et al: Placenta previa and the risk of delivering a small-for-gestational-age newborn. Obstet Gynecol. 124(2 Pt 1):285-91, 2014
- Bronsteen R et al: Effect of a low-lying placenta on delivery outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 33(2):204-8, 2009
- Oppenheimer LW et al: A new classification of placenta previa: measuring progress in obstetrics. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 201(3):227-9, 2009
- Oyelese Y: Placenta previa: the evolving role of ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 34(2):123-6, 2009
- Shukunami K et al: A small-angled thin edge of the placenta predicts abnormal placentation at delivery. J Ultrasound Med. 24(3):331-5, 2005
- Bhide A et al: Recent advances in the management of placenta previa. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 16(6):447-51, 2004
- Chama CM et al: From low-lying implantation to placenta praevia: a longitudinal ultrasonic assessment. J Obstet Gynaecol. 24(5):516-8, 2004
- Moodley J et al: Imaging techniques to identify morbidly adherent placenta praevia: a prospective study. J Obstet Gynaecol. 24(7):742-4, 2004
- Weerasekera DS: Placenta praevia and scarred uterus - an obstetrician's dilemma. J Obstet Gynaecol. 20(5):484-5, 2000
- Sunna E: Transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasound for the diagnosis of placenta praevia. J Obstet Gynaecol. 19(2):152-4, 1999
- Ziadeh A T Abu-Heija M F El-Jallad M: Placental praevia and accreta: an analysis of two-years' experience. J Obstet Gynaecol. 19(6):584-6, 1999
- Smith RS et al: Transvaginal ultrasonography for all placentas that appear to be low-lying or over the internal cervical os. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 9(1):22-4, 1997
- Lauria MR et al: The use of second-trimester transvaginal sonography to predict placenta previa. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 8(5):337-40, 1996
- Wing DA et al: Management of the symptomatic placenta previa: a randomized, controlled trial of inpatient versus outpatient expectant management. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 175(4 Pt 1):806-11, 1996
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Placenta previa (PP)
- Low-lying placenta (LLP)
Definitions
- Placenta extending to or covering internal os (IO) after 16 weeks
- Abnormal placental implantation in lower uterine segment (LUS)
- ↑ risk of maternal and fetal morbidity
- New revised classification with 3 categories only
- PP: Placenta covers IO
- LLP: Placenta edge ≤ 2 cm from IO
- Normal: Placenta edge > 2 cm from IO
- Previous classification with marginal and partial PP deemed confusing
- Placenta extending to or covering internal os (IO) after 16 weeks
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Silver RM: Abnormal placentation: placenta previa, vasa previa, and placenta accreta. Obstet Gynecol. 126(3):654-68, 2015
- Quant HS et al: Transabdominal ultrasonography as a screening test for second-trimester placenta previa. Obstet Gynecol. 123(3):628-33, 2014
- Reddy UM et al: Fetal imaging: executive summary of a joint Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American College of Radiology, Society for Pediatric Radiology, and Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Fetal Imaging Workshop. J Ultrasound Med. 33(5):745-57, 2014
- Räisänen S et al: Placenta previa and the risk of delivering a small-for-gestational-age newborn. Obstet Gynecol. 124(2 Pt 1):285-91, 2014
- Bronsteen R et al: Effect of a low-lying placenta on delivery outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 33(2):204-8, 2009
- Oppenheimer LW et al: A new classification of placenta previa: measuring progress in obstetrics. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 201(3):227-9, 2009
- Oyelese Y: Placenta previa: the evolving role of ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 34(2):123-6, 2009
- Shukunami K et al: A small-angled thin edge of the placenta predicts abnormal placentation at delivery. J Ultrasound Med. 24(3):331-5, 2005
- Bhide A et al: Recent advances in the management of placenta previa. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 16(6):447-51, 2004
- Chama CM et al: From low-lying implantation to placenta praevia: a longitudinal ultrasonic assessment. J Obstet Gynaecol. 24(5):516-8, 2004
- Moodley J et al: Imaging techniques to identify morbidly adherent placenta praevia: a prospective study. J Obstet Gynaecol. 24(7):742-4, 2004
- Weerasekera DS: Placenta praevia and scarred uterus - an obstetrician's dilemma. J Obstet Gynaecol. 20(5):484-5, 2000
- Sunna E: Transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasound for the diagnosis of placenta praevia. J Obstet Gynaecol. 19(2):152-4, 1999
- Ziadeh A T Abu-Heija M F El-Jallad M: Placental praevia and accreta: an analysis of two-years' experience. J Obstet Gynaecol. 19(6):584-6, 1999
- Smith RS et al: Transvaginal ultrasonography for all placentas that appear to be low-lying or over the internal cervical os. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 9(1):22-4, 1997
- Lauria MR et al: The use of second-trimester transvaginal sonography to predict placenta previa. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 8(5):337-40, 1996
- Wing DA et al: Management of the symptomatic placenta previa: a randomized, controlled trial of inpatient versus outpatient expectant management. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 175(4 Pt 1):806-11, 1996
