Quant HS et al: Transabdominal ultrasonography as a screening test for second-trimester placenta previa. Obstet Gynecol. 123(3):628-33, 2014
Reddy UM et al: Fetal imaging: executive summary of a joint Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American College of Radiology, Society for Pediatric Radiology, and Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Fetal Imaging Workshop. J Ultrasound Med. 33(5):745-57, 2014
Räisänen S et al: Placenta previa and the risk of delivering a small-for-gestational-age newborn. Obstet Gynecol. 124(2 Pt 1):285-91, 2014
Bronsteen R et al: Effect of a low-lying placenta on delivery outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 33(2):204-8, 2009
Oppenheimer LW et al: A new classification of placenta previa: measuring progress in obstetrics. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 201(3):227-9, 2009
Oyelese Y: Placenta previa: the evolving role of ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 34(2):123-6, 2009
Shukunami K et al: A small-angled thin edge of the placenta predicts abnormal placentation at delivery. J Ultrasound Med. 24(3):331-5, 2005
Bhide A et al: Recent advances in the management of placenta previa. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 16(6):447-51, 2004
Chama CM et al: From low-lying implantation to placenta praevia: a longitudinal ultrasonic assessment. J Obstet Gynaecol. 24(5):516-8, 2004
Moodley J et al: Imaging techniques to identify morbidly adherent placenta praevia: a prospective study. J Obstet Gynaecol. 24(7):742-4, 2004
Weerasekera DS: Placenta praevia and scarred uterus - an obstetrician's dilemma. J Obstet Gynaecol. 20(5):484-5, 2000
Sunna E: Transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasound for the diagnosis of placenta praevia. J Obstet Gynaecol. 19(2):152-4, 1999
Ziadeh A T Abu-Heija M F El-Jallad M: Placental praevia and accreta: an analysis of two-years' experience. J Obstet Gynaecol. 19(6):584-6, 1999
Smith RS et al: Transvaginal ultrasonography for all placentas that appear to be low-lying or over the internal cervical os. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 9(1):22-4, 1997
Lauria MR et al: The use of second-trimester transvaginal sonography to predict placenta previa. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 8(5):337-40, 1996
Wing DA et al: Management of the symptomatic placenta previa: a randomized, controlled trial of inpatient versus outpatient expectant management. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 175(4 Pt 1):806-11, 1996
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Abbreviations
Placenta previa (PP)
Low-lying placenta (LLP)
Definitions
Placenta extending to or covering internal os (IO) after 16 weeks
Abnormal placental implantation in lower uterine segment (LUS)
↑ risk of maternal and fetal morbidity
New revised classification with 3 categories only
PP: Placenta covers IO
LLP: Placenta edge ≤ 2 cm from IO
Normal: Placenta edge > 2 cm from IO
Previous classification with marginal and partial PP deemed confusing
Quant HS et al: Transabdominal ultrasonography as a screening test for second-trimester placenta previa. Obstet Gynecol. 123(3):628-33, 2014
Reddy UM et al: Fetal imaging: executive summary of a joint Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American College of Radiology, Society for Pediatric Radiology, and Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Fetal Imaging Workshop. J Ultrasound Med. 33(5):745-57, 2014
Räisänen S et al: Placenta previa and the risk of delivering a small-for-gestational-age newborn. Obstet Gynecol. 124(2 Pt 1):285-91, 2014
Bronsteen R et al: Effect of a low-lying placenta on delivery outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 33(2):204-8, 2009
Oppenheimer LW et al: A new classification of placenta previa: measuring progress in obstetrics. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 201(3):227-9, 2009
Oyelese Y: Placenta previa: the evolving role of ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 34(2):123-6, 2009
Shukunami K et al: A small-angled thin edge of the placenta predicts abnormal placentation at delivery. J Ultrasound Med. 24(3):331-5, 2005
Bhide A et al: Recent advances in the management of placenta previa. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 16(6):447-51, 2004
Chama CM et al: From low-lying implantation to placenta praevia: a longitudinal ultrasonic assessment. J Obstet Gynaecol. 24(5):516-8, 2004
Moodley J et al: Imaging techniques to identify morbidly adherent placenta praevia: a prospective study. J Obstet Gynaecol. 24(7):742-4, 2004
Weerasekera DS: Placenta praevia and scarred uterus - an obstetrician's dilemma. J Obstet Gynaecol. 20(5):484-5, 2000
Sunna E: Transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasound for the diagnosis of placenta praevia. J Obstet Gynaecol. 19(2):152-4, 1999
Ziadeh A T Abu-Heija M F El-Jallad M: Placental praevia and accreta: an analysis of two-years' experience. J Obstet Gynaecol. 19(6):584-6, 1999
Smith RS et al: Transvaginal ultrasonography for all placentas that appear to be low-lying or over the internal cervical os. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 9(1):22-4, 1997
Lauria MR et al: The use of second-trimester transvaginal sonography to predict placenta previa. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 8(5):337-40, 1996
Wing DA et al: Management of the symptomatic placenta previa: a randomized, controlled trial of inpatient versus outpatient expectant management. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 175(4 Pt 1):806-11, 1996
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