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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Placental lakes (PL)
- Intervillous thrombus (IVT)
Synonyms
- Placental sonolucencies
- Venous lakes
- Placental caverns
Definitions
- PL: Avillous vascular space with blood flow
- IVT: Avillous vascular space with thrombus or fibrin
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Veerbeek JH et al: Placental pathology in early intrauterine growth restriction associated with maternal hypertension. Placenta. 35(9):696-701, 2014
- Nayeri UA et al: Systematic review of sonographic findings of placental mesenchymal dysplasia and subsequent pregnancy outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 41(4):366-74, 2013
- Hwang HS et al: The clinical significance of large placental lakes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 162(2):139-43, 2012
- Kofinas A et al: The role of second trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of placental hypoechoic lesions leading to poor pregnancy outcome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 20(12):859-66, 2007
- Morikawa M et al: Magnetic resonance image findings of placental lake: report of two cases. Prenat Diagn. 25(3):250-2, 2005
- Reis NS et al: Placental lakes on sonographic examination: correlation with obstetric outcome and pathologic findings. J Clin Ultrasound. 33(2):67-71, 2005
- Van Horn JT et al: Histologic features of placentas and abortion specimens from women with antiphospholipid and antiphospholipid-like syndromes. Placenta. 25(7):642-8, 2004
- Moldenhauer JS et al: The frequency and severity of placental findings in women with preeclampsia are gestational age dependent. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 189(4):1173-7, 2003
- Thompson MO et al: Are placental lakes of any clinical significance? Placenta. 23(8-9):685-90, 2002
- Harris RD et al: Sonography of the placenta with emphasis on pathological correlation. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 17(1):66-89, 1996
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Placental lakes (PL)
- Intervillous thrombus (IVT)
Synonyms
- Placental sonolucencies
- Venous lakes
- Placental caverns
Definitions
- PL: Avillous vascular space with blood flow
- IVT: Avillous vascular space with thrombus or fibrin
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Veerbeek JH et al: Placental pathology in early intrauterine growth restriction associated with maternal hypertension. Placenta. 35(9):696-701, 2014
- Nayeri UA et al: Systematic review of sonographic findings of placental mesenchymal dysplasia and subsequent pregnancy outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 41(4):366-74, 2013
- Hwang HS et al: The clinical significance of large placental lakes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 162(2):139-43, 2012
- Kofinas A et al: The role of second trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of placental hypoechoic lesions leading to poor pregnancy outcome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 20(12):859-66, 2007
- Morikawa M et al: Magnetic resonance image findings of placental lake: report of two cases. Prenat Diagn. 25(3):250-2, 2005
- Reis NS et al: Placental lakes on sonographic examination: correlation with obstetric outcome and pathologic findings. J Clin Ultrasound. 33(2):67-71, 2005
- Van Horn JT et al: Histologic features of placentas and abortion specimens from women with antiphospholipid and antiphospholipid-like syndromes. Placenta. 25(7):642-8, 2004
- Moldenhauer JS et al: The frequency and severity of placental findings in women with preeclampsia are gestational age dependent. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 189(4):1173-7, 2003
- Thompson MO et al: Are placental lakes of any clinical significance? Placenta. 23(8-9):685-90, 2002
- Harris RD et al: Sonography of the placenta with emphasis on pathological correlation. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 17(1):66-89, 1996
