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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Placental lakes (PL)
Intervillous thrombus (IVT)
Synonyms
Placental sonolucencies
Venous lakes
Placental caverns
Definitions
PL: Avillous vascular space with blood flow
IVT: Avillous vascular space with thrombus or fibrin
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Veerbeek JH et al: Placental pathology in early intrauterine growth restriction associated with maternal hypertension. Placenta. 35(9):696-701, 2014
Nayeri UA et al: Systematic review of sonographic findings of placental mesenchymal dysplasia and subsequent pregnancy outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 41(4):366-74, 2013
Hwang HS et al: The clinical significance of large placental lakes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 162(2):139-43, 2012
Kofinas A et al: The role of second trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of placental hypoechoic lesions leading to poor pregnancy outcome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 20(12):859-66, 2007
Morikawa M et al: Magnetic resonance image findings of placental lake: report of two cases. Prenat Diagn. 25(3):250-2, 2005
Reis NS et al: Placental lakes on sonographic examination: correlation with obstetric outcome and pathologic findings. J Clin Ultrasound. 33(2):67-71, 2005
Van Horn JT et al: Histologic features of placentas and abortion specimens from women with antiphospholipid and antiphospholipid-like syndromes. Placenta. 25(7):642-8, 2004
Moldenhauer JS et al: The frequency and severity of placental findings in women with preeclampsia are gestational age dependent. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 189(4):1173-7, 2003
Thompson MO et al: Are placental lakes of any clinical significance? Placenta. 23(8-9):685-90, 2002
Harris RD et al: Sonography of the placenta with emphasis on pathological correlation. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 17(1):66-89, 1996
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Placental lakes (PL)
Intervillous thrombus (IVT)
Synonyms
Placental sonolucencies
Venous lakes
Placental caverns
Definitions
PL: Avillous vascular space with blood flow
IVT: Avillous vascular space with thrombus or fibrin
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Veerbeek JH et al: Placental pathology in early intrauterine growth restriction associated with maternal hypertension. Placenta. 35(9):696-701, 2014
Nayeri UA et al: Systematic review of sonographic findings of placental mesenchymal dysplasia and subsequent pregnancy outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 41(4):366-74, 2013
Hwang HS et al: The clinical significance of large placental lakes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 162(2):139-43, 2012
Kofinas A et al: The role of second trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of placental hypoechoic lesions leading to poor pregnancy outcome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 20(12):859-66, 2007
Morikawa M et al: Magnetic resonance image findings of placental lake: report of two cases. Prenat Diagn. 25(3):250-2, 2005
Reis NS et al: Placental lakes on sonographic examination: correlation with obstetric outcome and pathologic findings. J Clin Ultrasound. 33(2):67-71, 2005
Van Horn JT et al: Histologic features of placentas and abortion specimens from women with antiphospholipid and antiphospholipid-like syndromes. Placenta. 25(7):642-8, 2004
Moldenhauer JS et al: The frequency and severity of placental findings in women with preeclampsia are gestational age dependent. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 189(4):1173-7, 2003
Thompson MO et al: Are placental lakes of any clinical significance? Placenta. 23(8-9):685-90, 2002
Harris RD et al: Sonography of the placenta with emphasis on pathological correlation. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 17(1):66-89, 1996
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