Instrumentation in fusion surgery designed to stabilize, not replace, spinal bony elements
Intact osseous fusion is crucial
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
PATHOLOGY
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Wu X et al: Pedicle screw loosening: the value of radiological imagings and the identification of risk factors assessed by extraction torque during screw removal surgery. J Orthop Surg Res. 14(1):6, 2019
Prasad GL: Management of broken pedicle screws. World Neurosurg. 118:380, 2018
Ringel F et al: Radiolucent carbon fiber-reinforced pedicle screws for treatment of spinal tumors: advantages for radiation planning and follow-up imaging. World Neurosurg. 105:294-301, 2017
Yuan C et al: Unilateral versus bilateral pedicle screw fixation in lumbar interbody fusion: a meta-analysis of complication and fusion rate. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 117:28-32, 2014
Yoshihara H et al: Screw-related complications in the subaxial cervical spine with the use of lateral mass versus cervical pedicle screws: a systematic review. J Neurosurg Spine. 19(5):614-23, 2013
Kaiser MG et al: Radiographic assessment of cervical subaxial fusion. J Neurosurg Spine. 11(2):221-7, 2009
Schleicher P et al: Biomechanical comparison of two different concepts for stand alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion. Eur Spine J. 17(12):1757-65, 2008
Cain CM et al: A new stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion device: biomechanical comparison with established fixation techniques. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 30(23):2631-6, 2005
Deyo RA et al: Spinal-fusion surgery - the case for restraint. N Engl J Med. 350(7):722-6, 2004
Ratliff JK et al: Cervical laminoplasty: a critical review. J Neurosurg. 98(3 Suppl):230-8, 2003
Goffin J et al: Preliminary clinical experience with the Bryan Cervical Disc Prosthesis. Neurosurgery. 51(3):840-5; discussion 845-7, 2002
Wang JC et al: Increased fusion rates with cervical plating for three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 26(6):643-6; discussion 646-7, 2001
Emery SE et al: Three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: radiographic and clinical results. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 22(22):2622-4; discussion 2625, 1997
Brodsky AE et al: Correlation of radiologic assessment of lumbar spine fusions with surgical exploration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 16(6 Suppl):S261-5, 1991
Gore DR et al: Anterior cervical fusion for degenerated or protruded discs. A review of one hundred forty-six patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 9(7):667-71, 1984
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Spine instrumentation, spine fusion surgery
Definitions
Instrumentation in fusion surgery designed to stabilize, not replace, spinal bony elements
Intact osseous fusion is crucial
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
PATHOLOGY
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Wu X et al: Pedicle screw loosening: the value of radiological imagings and the identification of risk factors assessed by extraction torque during screw removal surgery. J Orthop Surg Res. 14(1):6, 2019
Prasad GL: Management of broken pedicle screws. World Neurosurg. 118:380, 2018
Ringel F et al: Radiolucent carbon fiber-reinforced pedicle screws for treatment of spinal tumors: advantages for radiation planning and follow-up imaging. World Neurosurg. 105:294-301, 2017
Yuan C et al: Unilateral versus bilateral pedicle screw fixation in lumbar interbody fusion: a meta-analysis of complication and fusion rate. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 117:28-32, 2014
Yoshihara H et al: Screw-related complications in the subaxial cervical spine with the use of lateral mass versus cervical pedicle screws: a systematic review. J Neurosurg Spine. 19(5):614-23, 2013
Kaiser MG et al: Radiographic assessment of cervical subaxial fusion. J Neurosurg Spine. 11(2):221-7, 2009
Schleicher P et al: Biomechanical comparison of two different concepts for stand alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion. Eur Spine J. 17(12):1757-65, 2008
Cain CM et al: A new stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion device: biomechanical comparison with established fixation techniques. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 30(23):2631-6, 2005
Deyo RA et al: Spinal-fusion surgery - the case for restraint. N Engl J Med. 350(7):722-6, 2004
Ratliff JK et al: Cervical laminoplasty: a critical review. J Neurosurg. 98(3 Suppl):230-8, 2003
Goffin J et al: Preliminary clinical experience with the Bryan Cervical Disc Prosthesis. Neurosurgery. 51(3):840-5; discussion 845-7, 2002
Wang JC et al: Increased fusion rates with cervical plating for three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 26(6):643-6; discussion 646-7, 2001
Emery SE et al: Three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: radiographic and clinical results. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 22(22):2622-4; discussion 2625, 1997
Brodsky AE et al: Correlation of radiologic assessment of lumbar spine fusions with surgical exploration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 16(6 Suppl):S261-5, 1991
Gore DR et al: Anterior cervical fusion for degenerated or protruded discs. A review of one hundred forty-six patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 9(7):667-71, 1984
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