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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Pneumatosis intestinalis; pneumatosis coli (confined to colon); pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis
Definitions
- Presence of gas within walls of GI tract
- Associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in
- Premature infants
- Term newborns with
- Congenital heart disease
- Hirschsprung disease
- Maternal use of vasoconstrictive agents (e.g., cocaine)
- In older children, more frequently benign & associated with variety of underlying conditions & medications
- Associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in
- Presence of gas within walls of GI tract
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Treatment
Selected References
- Chang CY et al: Benign pneumatosis intestinalis in a pediatric patient with multiple risk factors including granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case report and review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 44(4):423-7, 2015
- Gui X et al: Is pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis gas-distended and ruptured lymphatics? Reappraisal by immunohistochemistry. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 138(8):1059-66, 2014
- Lee KS et al: Distinguishing benign and life-threatening pneumatosis intestinalis in patients with cancer by CT imaging features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200(5):1042-7, 2013
- Korhonen K et al: Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of pneumatosis intestinalis in pediatric stem cell transplant recipients. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 58(4):616-20, 2012
- Duron VP et al: Computed tomographic diagnosis of pneumatosis intestinalis: clinical measures predictive of the need for surgical intervention. Arch Surg. 146(5):506-10, 2011
- Li S et al: Pneumatosis intestinalis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Support Care Cancer. Epub ahead of print, 2011
- Olson DE et al: CT predictors for differentiating benign and clinically worrisome pneumatosis intestinalis in children beyond the neonatal period. Radiology. 253(2):513-9, 2009
- McCarville MB et al: Clinical and CT features of benign pneumatosis intestinalis in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant and oncology patients. Pediatr Radiol. 38(10):1074-83, 2008
- Ho LM et al: Pneumatosis intestinalis in the adult: benign to life-threatening causes. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 188(6):1604-13, 2007
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Pneumatosis intestinalis; pneumatosis coli (confined to colon); pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis
Definitions
- Presence of gas within walls of GI tract
- Associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in
- Premature infants
- Term newborns with
- Congenital heart disease
- Hirschsprung disease
- Maternal use of vasoconstrictive agents (e.g., cocaine)
- In older children, more frequently benign & associated with variety of underlying conditions & medications
- Associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in
- Presence of gas within walls of GI tract
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Treatment
Selected References
- Chang CY et al: Benign pneumatosis intestinalis in a pediatric patient with multiple risk factors including granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case report and review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 44(4):423-7, 2015
- Gui X et al: Is pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis gas-distended and ruptured lymphatics? Reappraisal by immunohistochemistry. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 138(8):1059-66, 2014
- Lee KS et al: Distinguishing benign and life-threatening pneumatosis intestinalis in patients with cancer by CT imaging features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200(5):1042-7, 2013
- Korhonen K et al: Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of pneumatosis intestinalis in pediatric stem cell transplant recipients. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 58(4):616-20, 2012
- Duron VP et al: Computed tomographic diagnosis of pneumatosis intestinalis: clinical measures predictive of the need for surgical intervention. Arch Surg. 146(5):506-10, 2011
- Li S et al: Pneumatosis intestinalis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Support Care Cancer. Epub ahead of print, 2011
- Olson DE et al: CT predictors for differentiating benign and clinically worrisome pneumatosis intestinalis in children beyond the neonatal period. Radiology. 253(2):513-9, 2009
- McCarville MB et al: Clinical and CT features of benign pneumatosis intestinalis in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant and oncology patients. Pediatr Radiol. 38(10):1074-83, 2008
- Ho LM et al: Pneumatosis intestinalis in the adult: benign to life-threatening causes. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 188(6):1604-13, 2007
