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KEY FACTS
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Mediastinal emphysema
Definitions
- Pneumomediastinum (PM): Extraluminal mediastinal gas
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Ponkowski MJ et al: Minimally invasive treatment of retrocardiac tension pneumomediastinum in an extremely low birth weight infant. Pediatr Radiol. 50(11):1624-8, 2020
- Noorbakhsh KA et al: Management and outcomes of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in children. Pediatr Emerg Care. ePub, 2019
- Raissaki M et al: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a term newborn: atypical radiographic and CT appearances. BJR Case Rep. 5(4):20180081, 2019
- Richer EJ et al: Are esophagrams indicated in pediatric patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum? J Pediatr Surg. 51(11):1778-81, 2016
- Abbas PI et al: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in the pediatric patient. Am J Surg. 210(6):1031-6, 2015
- Chouliaras K et al: Pneumomediastinum following blunt trauma: worth an exhaustive workup? J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 79(2):188-92; discussion 192-3, 2015
- Fitzwater JW et al: Management of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in children. J Pediatr Surg. 50(6):983-6, 2015
- Bakhos CT et al: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: an extensive workup is not required. J Am Coll Surg. 219(4):713-7, 2014
- Kyle A et al: Barotrauma-associated posterior tension pneumomediastinum, a rare cause of cardiac tamponade in a ventilated neonate: a case report and review of the literature. Acta Paediatr. 101(3):e142-4, 2012
- Pryor SD et al: Clinical outcomes and diagnostic imaging of pediatric patients with pneumomediastinum secondary to blunt trauma to the chest. J Trauma. 71(4):904-8, 2011
- Lee CY et al: Etiologies of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in children of different ages. Pediatr Neonatol. 50(5):190-5, 2009
- Neal MD et al: Presence of pneumomediastinum after blunt trauma in children: what does it really mean? J Pediatr Surg. 44(7):1322-7, 2009
- Damore DT et al: Medical causes of pneumomediastinum in children. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 40(2):87-91, 2001
- Bejvan SM et al: Pneumomediastinum: old signs and new signs. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 166(5):1041-8, 1996
- Bowen A 3rd et al: Infraazygous pneumomediastinum in the newborn. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 135(5):1017-21, 1980
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Mediastinal emphysema
Definitions
- Pneumomediastinum (PM): Extraluminal mediastinal gas
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Ponkowski MJ et al: Minimally invasive treatment of retrocardiac tension pneumomediastinum in an extremely low birth weight infant. Pediatr Radiol. 50(11):1624-8, 2020
- Noorbakhsh KA et al: Management and outcomes of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in children. Pediatr Emerg Care. ePub, 2019
- Raissaki M et al: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a term newborn: atypical radiographic and CT appearances. BJR Case Rep. 5(4):20180081, 2019
- Richer EJ et al: Are esophagrams indicated in pediatric patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum? J Pediatr Surg. 51(11):1778-81, 2016
- Abbas PI et al: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in the pediatric patient. Am J Surg. 210(6):1031-6, 2015
- Chouliaras K et al: Pneumomediastinum following blunt trauma: worth an exhaustive workup? J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 79(2):188-92; discussion 192-3, 2015
- Fitzwater JW et al: Management of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in children. J Pediatr Surg. 50(6):983-6, 2015
- Bakhos CT et al: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: an extensive workup is not required. J Am Coll Surg. 219(4):713-7, 2014
- Kyle A et al: Barotrauma-associated posterior tension pneumomediastinum, a rare cause of cardiac tamponade in a ventilated neonate: a case report and review of the literature. Acta Paediatr. 101(3):e142-4, 2012
- Pryor SD et al: Clinical outcomes and diagnostic imaging of pediatric patients with pneumomediastinum secondary to blunt trauma to the chest. J Trauma. 71(4):904-8, 2011
- Lee CY et al: Etiologies of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in children of different ages. Pediatr Neonatol. 50(5):190-5, 2009
- Neal MD et al: Presence of pneumomediastinum after blunt trauma in children: what does it really mean? J Pediatr Surg. 44(7):1322-7, 2009
- Damore DT et al: Medical causes of pneumomediastinum in children. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 40(2):87-91, 2001
- Bejvan SM et al: Pneumomediastinum: old signs and new signs. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 166(5):1041-8, 1996
- Bowen A 3rd et al: Infraazygous pneumomediastinum in the newborn. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 135(5):1017-21, 1980
