Alveolar rupture leads to air dissection along axial interstitium and into mediastinum
Traumatic: Tracheobronchial/esophageal tear
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Bagga B et al: Traumatic airway injuries: role of imaging. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 49(1):48-53, 2020
De Giacomi F et al: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in connective tissue diseases. J Clin Rheumatol. 25(6):239-45, 2019
Lee SY et al: Hamman syndrome: spontaneous postpartum pneumomediastinum. Intern Med J. 49(1):130-1, 2019
Russell DW et al: Searching for the source of the leak: PIE and the Macklin effect. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 15(11):1354-6, 2018
Sakai M et al: Frequent cause of the Macklin effect in spontaneous pneumomediastinum: demonstration by multidetector-row computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 30(1):92-4, 2006
Newcomb AE et al: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a benign curiosity or a significant problem? Chest. 128(5):3298-302, 2005
Chapdelaine J et al: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: are we overinvestigating? J Pediatr Surg. 39(5):681-4, 2004
Howton JC: Boerhaave's syndrome in a healthy adolescent male presenting with pneumomediastinum. Ann Emerg Med. 43(6):785, 2004
Zylak CM et al: Pneumomediastinum revisited. Radiographics. 20(4):1043-57, 2000
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Mediastinal "emphysema"
Definitions
Air within mediastinum
Spontaneous: Usually secondary to Macklin effect
Alveolar rupture leads to air dissection along axial interstitium and into mediastinum
Traumatic: Tracheobronchial/esophageal tear
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Bagga B et al: Traumatic airway injuries: role of imaging. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 49(1):48-53, 2020
De Giacomi F et al: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in connective tissue diseases. J Clin Rheumatol. 25(6):239-45, 2019
Lee SY et al: Hamman syndrome: spontaneous postpartum pneumomediastinum. Intern Med J. 49(1):130-1, 2019
Russell DW et al: Searching for the source of the leak: PIE and the Macklin effect. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 15(11):1354-6, 2018
Sakai M et al: Frequent cause of the Macklin effect in spontaneous pneumomediastinum: demonstration by multidetector-row computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 30(1):92-4, 2006
Newcomb AE et al: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a benign curiosity or a significant problem? Chest. 128(5):3298-302, 2005
Chapdelaine J et al: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: are we overinvestigating? J Pediatr Surg. 39(5):681-4, 2004
Howton JC: Boerhaave's syndrome in a healthy adolescent male presenting with pneumomediastinum. Ann Emerg Med. 43(6):785, 2004
Zylak CM et al: Pneumomediastinum revisited. Radiographics. 20(4):1043-57, 2000
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