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Pneumonia, Bacterial
Tomás Franquet, MD, PhD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          TERMINOLOGY

          • Definitions

            • Bacteria: Single-celled microorganisms
            • Often categorized by their shape: Cocci (spheres), bacilli (rods), vibrio (comma-shaped), and spirochetes (spirals)
          • Classification of Pneumonia and Risk Factors

            • Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
              • Pneumonia diagnosed in outpatient setting or within 48 hours of hospital admission
            • Hospital-acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia (HAP)
              • Occurs ≥ 48 hours after hospital admission
            • Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP)
              • Affects outpatients in contact with health care system at risk of infections with multidrug-resistant pathogens
            • Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
              • Occurs ≥ 48 hours after endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation

          IMAGING

          • General Features

            • Radiographic Findings

              • CT Findings

                • Ultrasonographic Findings

                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                    PATHOLOGY

                    • General Features

                      CLINICAL ISSUES

                      • Presentation

                        • Demographics

                          • Natural History & Prognosis

                            DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                            • Consider

                              • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                Selected References

                                1. Ash SY et al: Pneumococcus. Med Clin North Am. 97(4):647-66, x-xi, 2013
                                2. Miller WT Jr et al: Causes and imaging patterns of tree-in-bud opacities. Chest. 144(6):1883-92, 2013
                                3. Nguyen ET et al: Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia: radiographic and computed tomography findings. J Thorac Imaging. 23(1):13-9, 2008
                                4. Tarver RD et al: Radiology of community-acquired pneumonia. Radiol Clin North Am. 43(3):497-512, viii, 2005
                                5. Aviram G et al: Imaging features of bacterial respiratory infections in AIDS. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 10(3):183-8, 2004
                                6. Vilar J et al: Radiology of bacterial pneumonia. Eur J Radiol. 51(2):102-13, 2004
                                7. Reittner P et al: Pneumonia: high-resolution CT findings in 114 patients. Eur Radiol. 13(3):515-21, 2003
                                8. Franquet T: Imaging of pneumonia: trends and algorithms. Eur Respir J. 18(1):196-208, 2001
                                Related Anatomy
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                                Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                References
                                Tables

                                Tables

                                KEY FACTS

                                • Terminology

                                  • Imaging

                                    • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                      • Pathology

                                        TERMINOLOGY

                                        • Definitions

                                          • Bacteria: Single-celled microorganisms
                                          • Often categorized by their shape: Cocci (spheres), bacilli (rods), vibrio (comma-shaped), and spirochetes (spirals)
                                        • Classification of Pneumonia and Risk Factors

                                          • Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
                                            • Pneumonia diagnosed in outpatient setting or within 48 hours of hospital admission
                                          • Hospital-acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia (HAP)
                                            • Occurs ≥ 48 hours after hospital admission
                                          • Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP)
                                            • Affects outpatients in contact with health care system at risk of infections with multidrug-resistant pathogens
                                          • Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
                                            • Occurs ≥ 48 hours after endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation

                                        IMAGING

                                        • General Features

                                          • Radiographic Findings

                                            • CT Findings

                                              • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                  PATHOLOGY

                                                  • General Features

                                                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                    • Presentation

                                                      • Demographics

                                                        • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                          DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                          • Consider

                                                            • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                              Selected References

                                                              1. Ash SY et al: Pneumococcus. Med Clin North Am. 97(4):647-66, x-xi, 2013
                                                              2. Miller WT Jr et al: Causes and imaging patterns of tree-in-bud opacities. Chest. 144(6):1883-92, 2013
                                                              3. Nguyen ET et al: Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia: radiographic and computed tomography findings. J Thorac Imaging. 23(1):13-9, 2008
                                                              4. Tarver RD et al: Radiology of community-acquired pneumonia. Radiol Clin North Am. 43(3):497-512, viii, 2005
                                                              5. Aviram G et al: Imaging features of bacterial respiratory infections in AIDS. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 10(3):183-8, 2004
                                                              6. Vilar J et al: Radiology of bacterial pneumonia. Eur J Radiol. 51(2):102-13, 2004
                                                              7. Reittner P et al: Pneumonia: high-resolution CT findings in 114 patients. Eur Radiol. 13(3):515-21, 2003
                                                              8. Franquet T: Imaging of pneumonia: trends and algorithms. Eur Respir J. 18(1):196-208, 2001