Complication of bacterial pneumonia where dominant focus of necrosis develops in consolidated lung, resulting in variable number(s) of thin-walled cysts
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
de Benedictis FM et al: Complicated pneumonia in children. Lancet. 396(10253):786-98, 2020
Andronikou S et al: Computed tomography in children with community-acquired pneumonia. Pediatr Radiol. 47(11):1431-40, 2017
Liszewski MC et al: Lung magnetic resonance imaging for pneumonia in children. Pediatr Radiol. 47(11):1420-30, 2017
Masters IB et al: Necrotizing pneumonia: an emerging problem in children? Pneumonia (Nathan). 9:11, 2017
Ramgopal S et al: Pediatric necrotizing pneumonia: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Emerg Care. 33(2):112-5, 2017
Pawley B et al: Core curriculum illustration: necrotizing pneumonia and empyema. Emerg Radiol. 23(2):201-2, 2016
Sodhi KS et al: Rapid lung MRI in children with pulmonary infections: time to change our diagnostic algorithms. J Magn Reson Imaging. 43(5):1196-206, 2016
Lai SH et al: Value of lung ultrasonography in the diagnosis and outcome prediction of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia with necrotizing change. PLoS One. 10(6):e0130082, 2015
Gorkem SB et al: Evaluation of pediatric thoracic disorders: comparison of unenhanced fast-imaging-sequence 1.5-T MRI and contrast-enhanced MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200(6):1352-7, 2013
LemaƮtre C et al: Necrotizing pneumonia in children: report of 41 cases between 2006 and 2011 in a French tertiary care center. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 32(10):1146-9, 2013
Yikilmaz A et al: Evaluation of pneumonia in children: comparison of MRI with fast imaging sequences at 1.5T with chest radiographs. Acta Radiol. 52(8):914-9, 2011
Heffner JE et al: Diagnostic utility and clinical application of imaging for pleural space infections. Chest. 137(2):467-79, 2010
Calder A et al: Imaging of parapneumonic pleural effusions and empyema in children. Pediatr Radiol. 39(6):527-37, 2009
Kurian J et al: Comparison of ultrasound and CT in the evaluation of pneumonia complicated by parapneumonic effusion in children. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(6):1648-54, 2009
Sawicki GS et al: Necrotising pneumonia is an increasingly detected complication of pneumonia in children. Eur Respir J. 31(6):1285-91, 2008
Copley SJ: Application of computed tomography in childhood respiratory infections. Br Med Bull. 61:263-79, 2002
Hodina M et al: Imaging of cavitary necrosis in complicated childhood pneumonia. Eur Radiol. 12(2):391-6, 2002
Donnelly LF: Practical issues concerning imaging of pulmonary infection in children. J Thorac Imaging. 16(4):238-50, 2001
Juven T et al: Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in 254 hospitalized children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 19(4):293-8, 2000
Markowitz RI et al: The spectrum of pulmonary infection in the immunocompromised child. Semin Roentgenol. 35(2):171-80, 2000
Donnelly LF: Maximizing the usefulness of imaging in children with community-acquired pneumonia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 172(2):505-12, 1999
Katz DS et al: Radiology of pneumonia. Clin Chest Med. 20(3):549-62, 1999
Donnelly LF et al: Cavitary necrosis complicating pneumonia in children: sequential findings on chest radiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171(1):253-6, 1998
Donnelly LF et al: The yield of CT of children who have complicated pneumonia and noncontributory chest radiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(6):1627-31, 1998
Donnelly LF et al: CT appearance of parapneumonic effusions in children: findings are not specific for empyema. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 169(1):179-82, 1997
Donnelly LF et al: Pneumonia in children: decreased parenchymal contrast enhancement--CT sign of intense illness and impending cavitary necrosis. Radiology. 205(3):817-20, 1997
Kerem E et al: Bacteremic necrotizing pneumococcal pneumonia in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 149(1):242-4, 1994
Kirkpatrick JA: Pneumonia in children as it differs from adult pneumonia. Semin Roentgenol. 15(1):96-103, 1980
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Necrotizing pneumonia
Pulmonary gangrene
Definitions
Complication of bacterial pneumonia where dominant focus of necrosis develops in consolidated lung, resulting in variable number(s) of thin-walled cysts
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
de Benedictis FM et al: Complicated pneumonia in children. Lancet. 396(10253):786-98, 2020
Andronikou S et al: Computed tomography in children with community-acquired pneumonia. Pediatr Radiol. 47(11):1431-40, 2017
Liszewski MC et al: Lung magnetic resonance imaging for pneumonia in children. Pediatr Radiol. 47(11):1420-30, 2017
Masters IB et al: Necrotizing pneumonia: an emerging problem in children? Pneumonia (Nathan). 9:11, 2017
Ramgopal S et al: Pediatric necrotizing pneumonia: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Emerg Care. 33(2):112-5, 2017
Pawley B et al: Core curriculum illustration: necrotizing pneumonia and empyema. Emerg Radiol. 23(2):201-2, 2016
Sodhi KS et al: Rapid lung MRI in children with pulmonary infections: time to change our diagnostic algorithms. J Magn Reson Imaging. 43(5):1196-206, 2016
Lai SH et al: Value of lung ultrasonography in the diagnosis and outcome prediction of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia with necrotizing change. PLoS One. 10(6):e0130082, 2015
Gorkem SB et al: Evaluation of pediatric thoracic disorders: comparison of unenhanced fast-imaging-sequence 1.5-T MRI and contrast-enhanced MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200(6):1352-7, 2013
LemaƮtre C et al: Necrotizing pneumonia in children: report of 41 cases between 2006 and 2011 in a French tertiary care center. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 32(10):1146-9, 2013
Yikilmaz A et al: Evaluation of pneumonia in children: comparison of MRI with fast imaging sequences at 1.5T with chest radiographs. Acta Radiol. 52(8):914-9, 2011
Heffner JE et al: Diagnostic utility and clinical application of imaging for pleural space infections. Chest. 137(2):467-79, 2010
Calder A et al: Imaging of parapneumonic pleural effusions and empyema in children. Pediatr Radiol. 39(6):527-37, 2009
Kurian J et al: Comparison of ultrasound and CT in the evaluation of pneumonia complicated by parapneumonic effusion in children. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(6):1648-54, 2009
Sawicki GS et al: Necrotising pneumonia is an increasingly detected complication of pneumonia in children. Eur Respir J. 31(6):1285-91, 2008
Copley SJ: Application of computed tomography in childhood respiratory infections. Br Med Bull. 61:263-79, 2002
Hodina M et al: Imaging of cavitary necrosis in complicated childhood pneumonia. Eur Radiol. 12(2):391-6, 2002
Donnelly LF: Practical issues concerning imaging of pulmonary infection in children. J Thorac Imaging. 16(4):238-50, 2001
Juven T et al: Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in 254 hospitalized children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 19(4):293-8, 2000
Markowitz RI et al: The spectrum of pulmonary infection in the immunocompromised child. Semin Roentgenol. 35(2):171-80, 2000
Donnelly LF: Maximizing the usefulness of imaging in children with community-acquired pneumonia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 172(2):505-12, 1999
Katz DS et al: Radiology of pneumonia. Clin Chest Med. 20(3):549-62, 1999
Donnelly LF et al: Cavitary necrosis complicating pneumonia in children: sequential findings on chest radiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171(1):253-6, 1998
Donnelly LF et al: The yield of CT of children who have complicated pneumonia and noncontributory chest radiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(6):1627-31, 1998
Donnelly LF et al: CT appearance of parapneumonic effusions in children: findings are not specific for empyema. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 169(1):179-82, 1997
Donnelly LF et al: Pneumonia in children: decreased parenchymal contrast enhancement--CT sign of intense illness and impending cavitary necrosis. Radiology. 205(3):817-20, 1997
Kerem E et al: Bacteremic necrotizing pneumococcal pneumonia in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 149(1):242-4, 1994
Kirkpatrick JA: Pneumonia in children as it differs from adult pneumonia. Semin Roentgenol. 15(1):96-103, 1980
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