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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Polymicrogyria (PMG)
Definitions
- Traditionally considered malformation of late neuronal migration & cortical organization resulting in abnormal distribution of neurons; disputed by some literature
- Regardless, macroscopic result is nodular cortex with disorganized small undulating gyri & shallow sulci
- May give false impression of several large, thick gyri
- Regardless, macroscopic result is nodular cortex with disorganized small undulating gyri & shallow sulci
- Traditionally considered malformation of late neuronal migration & cortical organization resulting in abnormal distribution of neurons; disputed by some literature
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Jalloh I et al: The role of surgery in refractory epilepsy secondary to polymicrogyria in the pediatric population. Epilepsia. 59(10):1982-96, 2018
- Diamandis P et al: The pathology of incipient polymicrogyria. Brain Dev. 39(1):23-39, 2017
- Desikan RS et al: Malformations of cortical development. Ann Neurol. 80(6):797-810, 2016
- Jansen AC et al: The histopathology of polymicrogyria: a series of 71 brain autopsy studies. Dev Med Child Neurol. 58(1):39-48, 2016
- De Ciantis A et al: Ultra-high-field MR imaging in polymicrogyria and epilepsy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(2):309-16, 2015
- Squier W et al: Polymicrogyria: pathology, fetal origins and mechanisms. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2:80, 2014
- Stutterd CA et al: Polymicrogyria: a common and heterogeneous malformation of cortical development. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 166C(2):227-39, 2014
- Barkovich AJ et al: A developmental and genetic classification for malformations of cortical development: update 2012. Brain. 135(Pt 5):1348-69, 2012
- Mavili E et al: Polymicrogyria: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging and clinical findings. Childs Nerv Syst. 28(6):905-9, 2012
- Judkins AR et al: Polymicrogyria includes fusion of the molecular layer and decreased neuronal populations but normal cortical laminar organization. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 70(6):438-43, 2011
- Barkovich AJ: Current concepts of polymicrogyria. Neuroradiology. 52(6):479-87, 2010
- Leventer RJ et al: Clinical and imaging heterogeneity of polymicrogyria: a study of 328 patients. Brain. 133(Pt 5):1415-27, 2010
- Brandão-Almeida IL et al: Congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome: familial occurrence, clinical and psycholinguistic aspects correlated with MRI. Neuropediatrics. 39(3):139-45, 2008
- Righini A et al: Early prenatal MR imaging diagnosis of polymicrogyria. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 25(2):343-6, 2004
- Takanashi J et al: The changing MR imaging appearance of polymicrogyria: a consequence of myelination. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(5):788-93, 2003
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Polymicrogyria (PMG)
Definitions
- Traditionally considered malformation of late neuronal migration & cortical organization resulting in abnormal distribution of neurons; disputed by some literature
- Regardless, macroscopic result is nodular cortex with disorganized small undulating gyri & shallow sulci
- May give false impression of several large, thick gyri
- Regardless, macroscopic result is nodular cortex with disorganized small undulating gyri & shallow sulci
- Traditionally considered malformation of late neuronal migration & cortical organization resulting in abnormal distribution of neurons; disputed by some literature
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Jalloh I et al: The role of surgery in refractory epilepsy secondary to polymicrogyria in the pediatric population. Epilepsia. 59(10):1982-96, 2018
- Diamandis P et al: The pathology of incipient polymicrogyria. Brain Dev. 39(1):23-39, 2017
- Desikan RS et al: Malformations of cortical development. Ann Neurol. 80(6):797-810, 2016
- Jansen AC et al: The histopathology of polymicrogyria: a series of 71 brain autopsy studies. Dev Med Child Neurol. 58(1):39-48, 2016
- De Ciantis A et al: Ultra-high-field MR imaging in polymicrogyria and epilepsy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(2):309-16, 2015
- Squier W et al: Polymicrogyria: pathology, fetal origins and mechanisms. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2:80, 2014
- Stutterd CA et al: Polymicrogyria: a common and heterogeneous malformation of cortical development. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 166C(2):227-39, 2014
- Barkovich AJ et al: A developmental and genetic classification for malformations of cortical development: update 2012. Brain. 135(Pt 5):1348-69, 2012
- Mavili E et al: Polymicrogyria: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging and clinical findings. Childs Nerv Syst. 28(6):905-9, 2012
- Judkins AR et al: Polymicrogyria includes fusion of the molecular layer and decreased neuronal populations but normal cortical laminar organization. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 70(6):438-43, 2011
- Barkovich AJ: Current concepts of polymicrogyria. Neuroradiology. 52(6):479-87, 2010
- Leventer RJ et al: Clinical and imaging heterogeneity of polymicrogyria: a study of 328 patients. Brain. 133(Pt 5):1415-27, 2010
- Brandão-Almeida IL et al: Congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome: familial occurrence, clinical and psycholinguistic aspects correlated with MRI. Neuropediatrics. 39(3):139-45, 2008
- Righini A et al: Early prenatal MR imaging diagnosis of polymicrogyria. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 25(2):343-6, 2004
- Takanashi J et al: The changing MR imaging appearance of polymicrogyria: a consequence of myelination. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(5):788-93, 2003
