Traditionally considered malformation of late neuronal migration & cortical organization resulting in abnormal distribution of neurons; disputed by some literature
Regardless, macroscopic result is nodular cortex with disorganized small undulating gyri & shallow sulci
May give false impression of several large, thick gyri
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Jalloh I et al: The role of surgery in refractory epilepsy secondary to polymicrogyria in the pediatric population. Epilepsia. 59(10):1982-96, 2018
Diamandis P et al: The pathology of incipient polymicrogyria. Brain Dev. 39(1):23-39, 2017
Desikan RS et al: Malformations of cortical development. Ann Neurol. 80(6):797-810, 2016
Jansen AC et al: The histopathology of polymicrogyria: a series of 71 brain autopsy studies. Dev Med Child Neurol. 58(1):39-48, 2016
De Ciantis A et al: Ultra-high-field MR imaging in polymicrogyria and epilepsy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(2):309-16, 2015
Squier W et al: Polymicrogyria: pathology, fetal origins and mechanisms. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2:80, 2014
Stutterd CA et al: Polymicrogyria: a common and heterogeneous malformation of cortical development. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 166C(2):227-39, 2014
Barkovich AJ et al: A developmental and genetic classification for malformations of cortical development: update 2012. Brain. 135(Pt 5):1348-69, 2012
Mavili E et al: Polymicrogyria: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging and clinical findings. Childs Nerv Syst. 28(6):905-9, 2012
Judkins AR et al: Polymicrogyria includes fusion of the molecular layer and decreased neuronal populations but normal cortical laminar organization. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 70(6):438-43, 2011
Barkovich AJ: Current concepts of polymicrogyria. Neuroradiology. 52(6):479-87, 2010
Leventer RJ et al: Clinical and imaging heterogeneity of polymicrogyria: a study of 328 patients. Brain. 133(Pt 5):1415-27, 2010
Brandão-Almeida IL et al: Congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome: familial occurrence, clinical and psycholinguistic aspects correlated with MRI. Neuropediatrics. 39(3):139-45, 2008
Righini A et al: Early prenatal MR imaging diagnosis of polymicrogyria. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 25(2):343-6, 2004
Takanashi J et al: The changing MR imaging appearance of polymicrogyria: a consequence of myelination. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(5):788-93, 2003
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
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TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Polymicrogyria (PMG)
Definitions
Traditionally considered malformation of late neuronal migration & cortical organization resulting in abnormal distribution of neurons; disputed by some literature
Regardless, macroscopic result is nodular cortex with disorganized small undulating gyri & shallow sulci
May give false impression of several large, thick gyri
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Jalloh I et al: The role of surgery in refractory epilepsy secondary to polymicrogyria in the pediatric population. Epilepsia. 59(10):1982-96, 2018
Diamandis P et al: The pathology of incipient polymicrogyria. Brain Dev. 39(1):23-39, 2017
Desikan RS et al: Malformations of cortical development. Ann Neurol. 80(6):797-810, 2016
Jansen AC et al: The histopathology of polymicrogyria: a series of 71 brain autopsy studies. Dev Med Child Neurol. 58(1):39-48, 2016
De Ciantis A et al: Ultra-high-field MR imaging in polymicrogyria and epilepsy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 36(2):309-16, 2015
Squier W et al: Polymicrogyria: pathology, fetal origins and mechanisms. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2:80, 2014
Stutterd CA et al: Polymicrogyria: a common and heterogeneous malformation of cortical development. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 166C(2):227-39, 2014
Barkovich AJ et al: A developmental and genetic classification for malformations of cortical development: update 2012. Brain. 135(Pt 5):1348-69, 2012
Mavili E et al: Polymicrogyria: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging and clinical findings. Childs Nerv Syst. 28(6):905-9, 2012
Judkins AR et al: Polymicrogyria includes fusion of the molecular layer and decreased neuronal populations but normal cortical laminar organization. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 70(6):438-43, 2011
Barkovich AJ: Current concepts of polymicrogyria. Neuroradiology. 52(6):479-87, 2010
Leventer RJ et al: Clinical and imaging heterogeneity of polymicrogyria: a study of 328 patients. Brain. 133(Pt 5):1415-27, 2010
Brandão-Almeida IL et al: Congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome: familial occurrence, clinical and psycholinguistic aspects correlated with MRI. Neuropediatrics. 39(3):139-45, 2008
Righini A et al: Early prenatal MR imaging diagnosis of polymicrogyria. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 25(2):343-6, 2004
Takanashi J et al: The changing MR imaging appearance of polymicrogyria: a consequence of myelination. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(5):788-93, 2003
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