Spectrum of clinical and imaging findings of PT abnormalities
Synonyms
Tibialis posterior tendon
Accessory navicular = os naviculare
Definitions
Type I accessory navicular: sesamoid embedded within PT, just proximal to navicular
a.k.a. os tibiale externum
Type II accessory navicular: accessory center of ossification united to parent navicular by synchondrosis
Synchondrosis: cartilage connection between parent bone and ossicle
Type III accessory navicular: enlarged medial horn of navicular = cornuate navicular
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Relevant Anatomy
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Bernasconi A et al: Role of minimally invasive surgery in adult flatfoot deformity. Foot Ankle Clin. 25(3):479-91, 2020
Kwon KB et al: Posterior tibial tendon integrity can be screened with plain anteroposterior foot radiography. Orthopedics. 1-5, 2020
Soliman SB et al: Sonographic and radiographic findings of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: a practical step forward. Skeletal Radiol. 48(1):11-27, 2019
Lin YC et al: The hindfoot arch: what role does the imager play? Radiol Clin North Am. 54(5):951-68, 2016
Arnoldner MA et al: Imaging of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction-comparison of high-resolution ultrasound and 3T MRI. Eur J Radiol. 84(9):1777-81, 2015
Donovan A et al: Extraarticular lateral hindfoot impingement with posterior tibial tendon tear: MRI correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(3):672-8, 2009
Nallamshetty L et al: Evaluation of posterior tibial pathology: comparison of sonography and MR imaging. Skeletal Radiol. 34(7):375-80, 2005
Balen PF et al: Association of posterior tibial tendon injury with spring ligament injury, sinus tarsi abnormality, and plantar fasciitis on MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176(5):1137-43, 2001
Pomeroy GC et al: Acquired flatfoot in adults due to dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 81(8):1173-82, 1999
Khoury NJ et al: MR imaging of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 167(3):675-82, 1996
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Posterior tibial tendon (PT)
Flexor digitorum longus tendon (FDL)
Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD)
Spectrum of clinical and imaging findings of PT abnormalities
Synonyms
Tibialis posterior tendon
Accessory navicular = os naviculare
Definitions
Type I accessory navicular: sesamoid embedded within PT, just proximal to navicular
a.k.a. os tibiale externum
Type II accessory navicular: accessory center of ossification united to parent navicular by synchondrosis
Synchondrosis: cartilage connection between parent bone and ossicle
Type III accessory navicular: enlarged medial horn of navicular = cornuate navicular
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Relevant Anatomy
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Bernasconi A et al: Role of minimally invasive surgery in adult flatfoot deformity. Foot Ankle Clin. 25(3):479-91, 2020
Kwon KB et al: Posterior tibial tendon integrity can be screened with plain anteroposterior foot radiography. Orthopedics. 1-5, 2020
Soliman SB et al: Sonographic and radiographic findings of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: a practical step forward. Skeletal Radiol. 48(1):11-27, 2019
Lin YC et al: The hindfoot arch: what role does the imager play? Radiol Clin North Am. 54(5):951-68, 2016
Arnoldner MA et al: Imaging of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction-comparison of high-resolution ultrasound and 3T MRI. Eur J Radiol. 84(9):1777-81, 2015
Donovan A et al: Extraarticular lateral hindfoot impingement with posterior tibial tendon tear: MRI correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(3):672-8, 2009
Nallamshetty L et al: Evaluation of posterior tibial pathology: comparison of sonography and MR imaging. Skeletal Radiol. 34(7):375-80, 2005
Balen PF et al: Association of posterior tibial tendon injury with spring ligament injury, sinus tarsi abnormality, and plantar fasciitis on MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176(5):1137-43, 2001
Pomeroy GC et al: Acquired flatfoot in adults due to dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 81(8):1173-82, 1999
Khoury NJ et al: MR imaging of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 167(3):675-82, 1996
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