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KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Posterior tibial tendon (PT)
- Flexor digitorum longus tendon (FDL)
- Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD)
- Spectrum of clinical and imaging findings of PT abnormalities
Synonyms
- Tibialis posterior tendon
- Accessory navicular = os naviculare
Definitions
- Type I accessory navicular: sesamoid embedded within PT, just proximal to navicular
- a.k.a. os tibiale externum
- Type II accessory navicular: accessory center of ossification united to parent navicular by synchondrosis
- Synchondrosis: cartilage connection between parent bone and ossicle
- Type III accessory navicular: enlarged medial horn of navicular = cornuate navicular
- Type I accessory navicular: sesamoid embedded within PT, just proximal to navicular
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Relevant Anatomy
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Bernasconi A et al: Role of minimally invasive surgery in adult flatfoot deformity. Foot Ankle Clin. 25(3):479-91, 2020
- Kwon KB et al: Posterior tibial tendon integrity can be screened with plain anteroposterior foot radiography. Orthopedics. 1-5, 2020
- Soliman SB et al: Sonographic and radiographic findings of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: a practical step forward. Skeletal Radiol. 48(1):11-27, 2019
- Lin YC et al: The hindfoot arch: what role does the imager play? Radiol Clin North Am. 54(5):951-68, 2016
- Arnoldner MA et al: Imaging of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction-comparison of high-resolution ultrasound and 3T MRI. Eur J Radiol. 84(9):1777-81, 2015
- Donovan A et al: Extraarticular lateral hindfoot impingement with posterior tibial tendon tear: MRI correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(3):672-8, 2009
- Nallamshetty L et al: Evaluation of posterior tibial pathology: comparison of sonography and MR imaging. Skeletal Radiol. 34(7):375-80, 2005
- Balen PF et al: Association of posterior tibial tendon injury with spring ligament injury, sinus tarsi abnormality, and plantar fasciitis on MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176(5):1137-43, 2001
- Pomeroy GC et al: Acquired flatfoot in adults due to dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 81(8):1173-82, 1999
- Khoury NJ et al: MR imaging of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 167(3):675-82, 1996
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Posterior tibial tendon (PT)
- Flexor digitorum longus tendon (FDL)
- Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD)
- Spectrum of clinical and imaging findings of PT abnormalities
Synonyms
- Tibialis posterior tendon
- Accessory navicular = os naviculare
Definitions
- Type I accessory navicular: sesamoid embedded within PT, just proximal to navicular
- a.k.a. os tibiale externum
- Type II accessory navicular: accessory center of ossification united to parent navicular by synchondrosis
- Synchondrosis: cartilage connection between parent bone and ossicle
- Type III accessory navicular: enlarged medial horn of navicular = cornuate navicular
- Type I accessory navicular: sesamoid embedded within PT, just proximal to navicular
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Relevant Anatomy
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Bernasconi A et al: Role of minimally invasive surgery in adult flatfoot deformity. Foot Ankle Clin. 25(3):479-91, 2020
- Kwon KB et al: Posterior tibial tendon integrity can be screened with plain anteroposterior foot radiography. Orthopedics. 1-5, 2020
- Soliman SB et al: Sonographic and radiographic findings of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: a practical step forward. Skeletal Radiol. 48(1):11-27, 2019
- Lin YC et al: The hindfoot arch: what role does the imager play? Radiol Clin North Am. 54(5):951-68, 2016
- Arnoldner MA et al: Imaging of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction-comparison of high-resolution ultrasound and 3T MRI. Eur J Radiol. 84(9):1777-81, 2015
- Donovan A et al: Extraarticular lateral hindfoot impingement with posterior tibial tendon tear: MRI correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(3):672-8, 2009
- Nallamshetty L et al: Evaluation of posterior tibial pathology: comparison of sonography and MR imaging. Skeletal Radiol. 34(7):375-80, 2005
- Balen PF et al: Association of posterior tibial tendon injury with spring ligament injury, sinus tarsi abnormality, and plantar fasciitis on MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176(5):1137-43, 2001
- Pomeroy GC et al: Acquired flatfoot in adults due to dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 81(8):1173-82, 1999
- Khoury NJ et al: MR imaging of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 167(3):675-82, 1996
