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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Transformation of cellular vertebral marrow into fatty marrow following therapeutic irradiation
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Caranci F et al: Magnetic resonance imaging correlates of benign and malignant alterations of the spinal bone marrow. Acta Biomed. 89(1-S):18-33, 2018
- Meixel AJ et al: From radiation osteitis to osteoradionecrosis: incidence and MR morphology of radiation-induced sacral pathologies following pelvic radiotherapy. Eur Radiol. 28(8):3550-9, 2018
- Yoo HJ et al: Measurement of fat content in vertebral marrow using a modified dixon sequence to differentiate benign from malignant processes. J Magn Reson Imaging. 45(5):1534-44, 2017
- Escalas C et al: [Long-term effects of radiation on the spine - results of a cohort of symptomatic survivors of childhood and review of the literature.] Bull Cancer. 102(7-8):684-90, 2015
- Carmona R et al: Fat composition changes in bone marrow during chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 90(1):155-63, 2014
- Bolan PJ et al: Water-fat MRI for assessing changes in bone marrow composition due to radiation and chemotherapy in gynecologic cancer patients. J Magn Reson Imaging. 38(6):1578-84, 2013
- Hwang S et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow in oncology, Part 2. Skeletal Radiol. 36(11):1017-27, 2007
- Tall MA et al: MR imaging of the spinal bone marrow. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 15(2):175-98, vi, 2007
- Foster K et al: MRI of the marrow in the paediatric skeleton. Clin Radiol. 59(8):651-73, 2004
- Shih WJ et al: Tc-99m depreotide SPECT demonstrates photon-deficiency in the thoracic vertebrae after adjunct radiation therapy of lung cancer: correlation with MRI and bone scintigraphy. Ann Nucl Med. 17(3):245-8, 2003
- Otake S et al: Radiation-induced changes in MR signal intensity and contrast enhancement of lumbosacral vertebrae: do changes occur only inside the radiation therapy field? Radiology. 222(1):179-83, 2002
- Onu M et al: Early MR changes in vertebral bone marrow for patients following radiotherapy. Eur Radiol. 11(8):1463-9, 2001
- Meyer MA et al: Reduced F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake within marrow after external beam radiation. Clin Nucl Med. 25(4):279-80, 2000
- Blomlie V et al: Female pelvic bone marrow: serial MR imaging before, during, and after radiation therapy. Radiology. 194(2):537-43, 1995
- Cavenagh EC et al: Hematopoietic marrow regeneration in pediatric patients undergoing spinal irradiation: MR depiction. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 16(3):461-7, 1995
- Steiner RM et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of diffuse bone marrow disease. Radiol Clin North Am. 31(2):383-409, 1993
- Yankelevitz DF et al: Effect of radiation therapy on thoracic and lumbar bone marrow: evaluation with MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 157(1):87-92, 1991
- Stevens SK et al: Early and late bone-marrow changes after irradiation: MR evaluation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 154(4):745-50, 1990
- Casamassima F et al: Hematopoietic bone marrow recovery after radiation therapy: MRI evaluation. Blood. 73(6):1677-81, 1989
- Naul LG et al: Avascular necrosis of the vertebral body: MR imaging. Radiology. 172(1):219-22, 1989
- Rosenthal DI et al: Fatty replacement of spinal bone marrow due to radiation: demonstration by dual energy quantitative CT and MR imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 13(3):463-5, 1989
- Shih WJ et al: Thoracic vertebral photopenia may predict fatty changes of the corresponding bone marrow following irradiation. Radiat Med. 7(1):32-5, 1989
- Ramsey RG et al: MR imaging of the spine after radiation therapy: easily recognizable effects. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 144(6):1131-5, 1985
- Maldague BE et al: The intravertebral vacuum cleft: a sign of ischemic vertebral collapse. Radiology. 129(1):23-9, 1978
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Transformation of cellular vertebral marrow into fatty marrow following therapeutic irradiation
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Caranci F et al: Magnetic resonance imaging correlates of benign and malignant alterations of the spinal bone marrow. Acta Biomed. 89(1-S):18-33, 2018
- Meixel AJ et al: From radiation osteitis to osteoradionecrosis: incidence and MR morphology of radiation-induced sacral pathologies following pelvic radiotherapy. Eur Radiol. 28(8):3550-9, 2018
- Yoo HJ et al: Measurement of fat content in vertebral marrow using a modified dixon sequence to differentiate benign from malignant processes. J Magn Reson Imaging. 45(5):1534-44, 2017
- Escalas C et al: [Long-term effects of radiation on the spine - results of a cohort of symptomatic survivors of childhood and review of the literature.] Bull Cancer. 102(7-8):684-90, 2015
- Carmona R et al: Fat composition changes in bone marrow during chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 90(1):155-63, 2014
- Bolan PJ et al: Water-fat MRI for assessing changes in bone marrow composition due to radiation and chemotherapy in gynecologic cancer patients. J Magn Reson Imaging. 38(6):1578-84, 2013
- Hwang S et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow in oncology, Part 2. Skeletal Radiol. 36(11):1017-27, 2007
- Tall MA et al: MR imaging of the spinal bone marrow. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 15(2):175-98, vi, 2007
- Foster K et al: MRI of the marrow in the paediatric skeleton. Clin Radiol. 59(8):651-73, 2004
- Shih WJ et al: Tc-99m depreotide SPECT demonstrates photon-deficiency in the thoracic vertebrae after adjunct radiation therapy of lung cancer: correlation with MRI and bone scintigraphy. Ann Nucl Med. 17(3):245-8, 2003
- Otake S et al: Radiation-induced changes in MR signal intensity and contrast enhancement of lumbosacral vertebrae: do changes occur only inside the radiation therapy field? Radiology. 222(1):179-83, 2002
- Onu M et al: Early MR changes in vertebral bone marrow for patients following radiotherapy. Eur Radiol. 11(8):1463-9, 2001
- Meyer MA et al: Reduced F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake within marrow after external beam radiation. Clin Nucl Med. 25(4):279-80, 2000
- Blomlie V et al: Female pelvic bone marrow: serial MR imaging before, during, and after radiation therapy. Radiology. 194(2):537-43, 1995
- Cavenagh EC et al: Hematopoietic marrow regeneration in pediatric patients undergoing spinal irradiation: MR depiction. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 16(3):461-7, 1995
- Steiner RM et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of diffuse bone marrow disease. Radiol Clin North Am. 31(2):383-409, 1993
- Yankelevitz DF et al: Effect of radiation therapy on thoracic and lumbar bone marrow: evaluation with MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 157(1):87-92, 1991
- Stevens SK et al: Early and late bone-marrow changes after irradiation: MR evaluation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 154(4):745-50, 1990
- Casamassima F et al: Hematopoietic bone marrow recovery after radiation therapy: MRI evaluation. Blood. 73(6):1677-81, 1989
- Naul LG et al: Avascular necrosis of the vertebral body: MR imaging. Radiology. 172(1):219-22, 1989
- Rosenthal DI et al: Fatty replacement of spinal bone marrow due to radiation: demonstration by dual energy quantitative CT and MR imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 13(3):463-5, 1989
- Shih WJ et al: Thoracic vertebral photopenia may predict fatty changes of the corresponding bone marrow following irradiation. Radiat Med. 7(1):32-5, 1989
- Ramsey RG et al: MR imaging of the spine after radiation therapy: easily recognizable effects. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 144(6):1131-5, 1985
- Maldague BE et al: The intravertebral vacuum cleft: a sign of ischemic vertebral collapse. Radiology. 129(1):23-9, 1978
