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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Transformation of cellular vertebral marrow into fatty marrow following therapeutic irradiation
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Caranci F et al: Magnetic resonance imaging correlates of benign and malignant alterations of the spinal bone marrow. Acta Biomed. 89(1-S):18-33, 2018
Meixel AJ et al: From radiation osteitis to osteoradionecrosis: incidence and MR morphology of radiation-induced sacral pathologies following pelvic radiotherapy. Eur Radiol. 28(8):3550-9, 2018
Yoo HJ et al: Measurement of fat content in vertebral marrow using a modified dixon sequence to differentiate benign from malignant processes. J Magn Reson Imaging. 45(5):1534-44, 2017
Escalas C et al: [Long-term effects of radiation on the spine - results of a cohort of symptomatic survivors of childhood and review of the literature.] Bull Cancer. 102(7-8):684-90, 2015
Carmona R et al: Fat composition changes in bone marrow during chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 90(1):155-63, 2014
Bolan PJ et al: Water-fat MRI for assessing changes in bone marrow composition due to radiation and chemotherapy in gynecologic cancer patients. J Magn Reson Imaging. 38(6):1578-84, 2013
Hwang S et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow in oncology, Part 2. Skeletal Radiol. 36(11):1017-27, 2007
Tall MA et al: MR imaging of the spinal bone marrow. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 15(2):175-98, vi, 2007
Foster K et al: MRI of the marrow in the paediatric skeleton. Clin Radiol. 59(8):651-73, 2004
Shih WJ et al: Tc-99m depreotide SPECT demonstrates photon-deficiency in the thoracic vertebrae after adjunct radiation therapy of lung cancer: correlation with MRI and bone scintigraphy. Ann Nucl Med. 17(3):245-8, 2003
Otake S et al: Radiation-induced changes in MR signal intensity and contrast enhancement of lumbosacral vertebrae: do changes occur only inside the radiation therapy field? Radiology. 222(1):179-83, 2002
Onu M et al: Early MR changes in vertebral bone marrow for patients following radiotherapy. Eur Radiol. 11(8):1463-9, 2001
Meyer MA et al: Reduced F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake within marrow after external beam radiation. Clin Nucl Med. 25(4):279-80, 2000
Blomlie V et al: Female pelvic bone marrow: serial MR imaging before, during, and after radiation therapy. Radiology. 194(2):537-43, 1995
Cavenagh EC et al: Hematopoietic marrow regeneration in pediatric patients undergoing spinal irradiation: MR depiction. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 16(3):461-7, 1995
Steiner RM et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of diffuse bone marrow disease. Radiol Clin North Am. 31(2):383-409, 1993
Yankelevitz DF et al: Effect of radiation therapy on thoracic and lumbar bone marrow: evaluation with MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 157(1):87-92, 1991
Stevens SK et al: Early and late bone-marrow changes after irradiation: MR evaluation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 154(4):745-50, 1990
Casamassima F et al: Hematopoietic bone marrow recovery after radiation therapy: MRI evaluation. Blood. 73(6):1677-81, 1989
Naul LG et al: Avascular necrosis of the vertebral body: MR imaging. Radiology. 172(1):219-22, 1989
Rosenthal DI et al: Fatty replacement of spinal bone marrow due to radiation: demonstration by dual energy quantitative CT and MR imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 13(3):463-5, 1989
Shih WJ et al: Thoracic vertebral photopenia may predict fatty changes of the corresponding bone marrow following irradiation. Radiat Med. 7(1):32-5, 1989
Ramsey RG et al: MR imaging of the spine after radiation therapy: easily recognizable effects. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 144(6):1131-5, 1985
Maldague BE et al: The intravertebral vacuum cleft: a sign of ischemic vertebral collapse. Radiology. 129(1):23-9, 1978
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Transformation of cellular vertebral marrow into fatty marrow following therapeutic irradiation
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Caranci F et al: Magnetic resonance imaging correlates of benign and malignant alterations of the spinal bone marrow. Acta Biomed. 89(1-S):18-33, 2018
Meixel AJ et al: From radiation osteitis to osteoradionecrosis: incidence and MR morphology of radiation-induced sacral pathologies following pelvic radiotherapy. Eur Radiol. 28(8):3550-9, 2018
Yoo HJ et al: Measurement of fat content in vertebral marrow using a modified dixon sequence to differentiate benign from malignant processes. J Magn Reson Imaging. 45(5):1534-44, 2017
Escalas C et al: [Long-term effects of radiation on the spine - results of a cohort of symptomatic survivors of childhood and review of the literature.] Bull Cancer. 102(7-8):684-90, 2015
Carmona R et al: Fat composition changes in bone marrow during chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 90(1):155-63, 2014
Bolan PJ et al: Water-fat MRI for assessing changes in bone marrow composition due to radiation and chemotherapy in gynecologic cancer patients. J Magn Reson Imaging. 38(6):1578-84, 2013
Hwang S et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow in oncology, Part 2. Skeletal Radiol. 36(11):1017-27, 2007
Tall MA et al: MR imaging of the spinal bone marrow. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 15(2):175-98, vi, 2007
Foster K et al: MRI of the marrow in the paediatric skeleton. Clin Radiol. 59(8):651-73, 2004
Shih WJ et al: Tc-99m depreotide SPECT demonstrates photon-deficiency in the thoracic vertebrae after adjunct radiation therapy of lung cancer: correlation with MRI and bone scintigraphy. Ann Nucl Med. 17(3):245-8, 2003
Otake S et al: Radiation-induced changes in MR signal intensity and contrast enhancement of lumbosacral vertebrae: do changes occur only inside the radiation therapy field? Radiology. 222(1):179-83, 2002
Onu M et al: Early MR changes in vertebral bone marrow for patients following radiotherapy. Eur Radiol. 11(8):1463-9, 2001
Meyer MA et al: Reduced F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake within marrow after external beam radiation. Clin Nucl Med. 25(4):279-80, 2000
Blomlie V et al: Female pelvic bone marrow: serial MR imaging before, during, and after radiation therapy. Radiology. 194(2):537-43, 1995
Cavenagh EC et al: Hematopoietic marrow regeneration in pediatric patients undergoing spinal irradiation: MR depiction. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 16(3):461-7, 1995
Steiner RM et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of diffuse bone marrow disease. Radiol Clin North Am. 31(2):383-409, 1993
Yankelevitz DF et al: Effect of radiation therapy on thoracic and lumbar bone marrow: evaluation with MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 157(1):87-92, 1991
Stevens SK et al: Early and late bone-marrow changes after irradiation: MR evaluation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 154(4):745-50, 1990
Casamassima F et al: Hematopoietic bone marrow recovery after radiation therapy: MRI evaluation. Blood. 73(6):1677-81, 1989
Naul LG et al: Avascular necrosis of the vertebral body: MR imaging. Radiology. 172(1):219-22, 1989
Rosenthal DI et al: Fatty replacement of spinal bone marrow due to radiation: demonstration by dual energy quantitative CT and MR imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 13(3):463-5, 1989
Shih WJ et al: Thoracic vertebral photopenia may predict fatty changes of the corresponding bone marrow following irradiation. Radiat Med. 7(1):32-5, 1989
Ramsey RG et al: MR imaging of the spine after radiation therapy: easily recognizable effects. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 144(6):1131-5, 1985
Maldague BE et al: The intravertebral vacuum cleft: a sign of ischemic vertebral collapse. Radiology. 129(1):23-9, 1978
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