Infectious sequelae following operative procedures
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
El-Kadi M et al: Risk factors for postoperative spinal infection: a retrospective analysis of 5065 cases. Surg Neurol Int. 10:121, 2019
Anderson PA et al: Prevention of surgical site infection in spine surgery. Neurosurgery. 80(3S):S114-23, 2017
Babic M et al: Infections of the spine. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 31(2):279-97, 2017
Chaichana KL et al: Risk of infection following posterior instrumented lumbar fusion for degenerative spine disease in 817 consecutive cases. J Neurosurg Spine. 20(1):45-52, 2014
Mazzie JP et al: Imaging and management of postoperative spine infection. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 24(2):365-74, 2014
Master DL et al: Wound infections after surgery for neuromuscular scoliosis: risk factors and treatment outcomes. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 36(3):E179-85, 2011
Carragee E et al: Does acute placement of instrumentation in the treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis predispose to recurrent infection: long-term follow-up in immune-suppressed patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 33(19):2089-93, 2008
Solerio D et al: Successful surgical management of a delayed pharyngo-esophageal perforation after anterior cervical spine plating. Eur Spine J. 17 Suppl 2:S280-4, 2008
Alpantaki K et al: Vertebral osteomyelitis, epidural and psoas abscess after epidural catheter use. Acta Orthop Belg. 73(5):670-3, 2007
Katonis P et al: Postoperative infections of the thoracic and lumbar spine: a review of 18 cases. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 454:114-9, 2007
Söyüncü Y et al: Posterior spinal epidural abscess: an unusual complication of vertebroplasty. Joint Bone Spine. 73(6):753-5, 2006
Brown MD et al: A randomized study of closed wound suction drainage for extensive lumbar spine surgery. Spine. 29(10):1066-8, 2004
De Winter F et al: 99mTc-ciprofloxacin planar and tomographic imaging for the diagnosis of infection in the postoperative spine: experience in 48 patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 31(2):233-9, 2004
Mastronardi L et al: Intraoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in clean spinal surgery: a retrospective analysis in a consecutive series of 973 cases. Surg Neurol. 61(2):129-35; discussion 135, 2004
Mitra A et al: Treatment of massive thoracolumbar wounds and vertebral osteomyelitis following scoliosis surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 113(1):206-13, 2004
Bavinzski G et al: Microsurgical management of postoperative disc space infection. Neurosurg Rev. 26(2):102-7, 2003
Bose B: Delayed infection after instrumented spine surgery: case reports and review of the literature. Spine J. 3(5):394-9, 2003
Carreon LY et al: Perioperative complications of posterior lumbar decompression and arthrodesis in older adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 85-A(11):2089-92, 2003
De Winter F et al: 18-fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for the diagnosis of infection in the postoperative spine. Spine. 28(12):1314-9, 2003
Olsen MA et al: Risk factors for surgical site infection in spinal surgery. J Neurosurg. 98(2 Suppl):149-55, 2003
Schnoring M et al: Prophylactic antibiotics in lumbar disc surgery: analysis of 1,030 procedures. Zentralbl Neurochir. 64(1):24-9, 2003
Ross JS et al: The postoperative lumbar spine: enhanced MR evaluation of the intervertebral disk. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 17(2):323-31, 1996
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References
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Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Infectious sequelae following operative procedures
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
El-Kadi M et al: Risk factors for postoperative spinal infection: a retrospective analysis of 5065 cases. Surg Neurol Int. 10:121, 2019
Anderson PA et al: Prevention of surgical site infection in spine surgery. Neurosurgery. 80(3S):S114-23, 2017
Babic M et al: Infections of the spine. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 31(2):279-97, 2017
Chaichana KL et al: Risk of infection following posterior instrumented lumbar fusion for degenerative spine disease in 817 consecutive cases. J Neurosurg Spine. 20(1):45-52, 2014
Mazzie JP et al: Imaging and management of postoperative spine infection. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 24(2):365-74, 2014
Master DL et al: Wound infections after surgery for neuromuscular scoliosis: risk factors and treatment outcomes. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 36(3):E179-85, 2011
Carragee E et al: Does acute placement of instrumentation in the treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis predispose to recurrent infection: long-term follow-up in immune-suppressed patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 33(19):2089-93, 2008
Solerio D et al: Successful surgical management of a delayed pharyngo-esophageal perforation after anterior cervical spine plating. Eur Spine J. 17 Suppl 2:S280-4, 2008
Alpantaki K et al: Vertebral osteomyelitis, epidural and psoas abscess after epidural catheter use. Acta Orthop Belg. 73(5):670-3, 2007
Katonis P et al: Postoperative infections of the thoracic and lumbar spine: a review of 18 cases. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 454:114-9, 2007
Söyüncü Y et al: Posterior spinal epidural abscess: an unusual complication of vertebroplasty. Joint Bone Spine. 73(6):753-5, 2006
Brown MD et al: A randomized study of closed wound suction drainage for extensive lumbar spine surgery. Spine. 29(10):1066-8, 2004
De Winter F et al: 99mTc-ciprofloxacin planar and tomographic imaging for the diagnosis of infection in the postoperative spine: experience in 48 patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 31(2):233-9, 2004
Mastronardi L et al: Intraoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in clean spinal surgery: a retrospective analysis in a consecutive series of 973 cases. Surg Neurol. 61(2):129-35; discussion 135, 2004
Mitra A et al: Treatment of massive thoracolumbar wounds and vertebral osteomyelitis following scoliosis surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 113(1):206-13, 2004
Bavinzski G et al: Microsurgical management of postoperative disc space infection. Neurosurg Rev. 26(2):102-7, 2003
Bose B: Delayed infection after instrumented spine surgery: case reports and review of the literature. Spine J. 3(5):394-9, 2003
Carreon LY et al: Perioperative complications of posterior lumbar decompression and arthrodesis in older adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 85-A(11):2089-92, 2003
De Winter F et al: 18-fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for the diagnosis of infection in the postoperative spine. Spine. 28(12):1314-9, 2003
Olsen MA et al: Risk factors for surgical site infection in spinal surgery. J Neurosurg. 98(2 Suppl):149-55, 2003
Schnoring M et al: Prophylactic antibiotics in lumbar disc surgery: analysis of 1,030 procedures. Zentralbl Neurochir. 64(1):24-9, 2003
Ross JS et al: The postoperative lumbar spine: enhanced MR evaluation of the intervertebral disk. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 17(2):323-31, 1996
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