Deformity: Abnormality of alignment, angulation, or shape of vertebral column following surgery
May be associated with clinically significant findings, such as instability
Instability: Postoperative loss of spine motion segment stiffness in which applied force produces greater displacement than normal with pain/deformity
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Dru AB et al: Cervical spine deformity correction techniques. Neurospine. 16(3):470-82, 2019
Hua W et al: Incidence and risk factors of neurological complications during posterior vertebral column resection to correct severe post-tubercular kyphosis with late-onset neurological deficits: case series and review of the literature. J Orthop Surg Res. 13(1):269, 2018
Mazel C et al: Malunion of post-traumatic thoracolumbar fractures. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 104(1S):S55-62, 2018
Blondel B et al: Posterior global malalignment after osteotomy for sagittal plane deformity: it happens and here is why. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 38(7):E394-401, 2013
Hassanzadeh H et al: Three-column osteotomies in the treatment of spinal deformity in adult patients 60 years old and older: outcome and complications. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 38(9):726-31, 2013
Chau AM et al: Bone graft substitutes in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Eur Spine J. 18(4):449-64, 2009
Crostelli M et al: Cervical fixation in the pediatric patient: our experience. Eur Spine J. 18 Suppl 1:20-8, 2009
Gottfried ON et al: Spinopelvic parameters in postfusion flatback deformity patients. Spine J. 9(8):639-47, 2009
Park DK et al: Problems related to cervical fusion: malalignment and nonunion. Instr Course Lect. 58:737-45, 2009
Rahme R et al: Acute swan-neck deformity and spinal cord compression after cervical laminectomy. Can J Neurol Sci. 36(4):504-6, 2009
Schwab F et al: Sagittal plane considerations and the pelvis in the adult patient. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(17):1828-33, 2009
Heary RF et al: The history of spinal deformity. Neurosurgery. 63(3 Suppl):5-15, 2008
Jang JS et al: Changes in sagittal alignment after restoration of lower lumbar lordosis in patients with degenerative flat back syndrome. J Neurosurg Spine. 7(4):387-92, 2007
Papagelopoulos PJ et al: Spinal column deformity and instability after lumbar or thoracolumbar laminectomy for intraspinal tumors in children and young adults. Spine. 22(4):442-51, 1997
Mullin BB et al: The effect of postlaminectomy spinal instability on the outcome of lumbar spinal stenosis patients. J Spinal Disord. 9(2):107-16, 1996
An HS et al: Spinal disorders at the cervicothoracic junction. Spine. 19(22):2557-64, 1994
Stromqvist B: Postlaminectomy problems with reference to spinal fusion. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 251:87-9, 1993
Butler JC et al: Postlaminectomy kyphosis. Causes and surgical management. Orthop Clin North Am. 23(3):505-11, 1992
Sano S et al: Unstable lumbar spine without hypermobility in postlaminectomy cases. Mechanism of symptoms and effect of spinal fusion with and without spinal instrumentation. Spine. 15(11):1190-7, 1990
Deformity: Abnormality of alignment, angulation, or shape of vertebral column following surgery
May be associated with clinically significant findings, such as instability
Instability: Postoperative loss of spine motion segment stiffness in which applied force produces greater displacement than normal with pain/deformity
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Dru AB et al: Cervical spine deformity correction techniques. Neurospine. 16(3):470-82, 2019
Hua W et al: Incidence and risk factors of neurological complications during posterior vertebral column resection to correct severe post-tubercular kyphosis with late-onset neurological deficits: case series and review of the literature. J Orthop Surg Res. 13(1):269, 2018
Mazel C et al: Malunion of post-traumatic thoracolumbar fractures. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 104(1S):S55-62, 2018
Blondel B et al: Posterior global malalignment after osteotomy for sagittal plane deformity: it happens and here is why. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 38(7):E394-401, 2013
Hassanzadeh H et al: Three-column osteotomies in the treatment of spinal deformity in adult patients 60 years old and older: outcome and complications. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 38(9):726-31, 2013
Chau AM et al: Bone graft substitutes in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Eur Spine J. 18(4):449-64, 2009
Crostelli M et al: Cervical fixation in the pediatric patient: our experience. Eur Spine J. 18 Suppl 1:20-8, 2009
Gottfried ON et al: Spinopelvic parameters in postfusion flatback deformity patients. Spine J. 9(8):639-47, 2009
Park DK et al: Problems related to cervical fusion: malalignment and nonunion. Instr Course Lect. 58:737-45, 2009
Rahme R et al: Acute swan-neck deformity and spinal cord compression after cervical laminectomy. Can J Neurol Sci. 36(4):504-6, 2009
Schwab F et al: Sagittal plane considerations and the pelvis in the adult patient. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(17):1828-33, 2009
Heary RF et al: The history of spinal deformity. Neurosurgery. 63(3 Suppl):5-15, 2008
Jang JS et al: Changes in sagittal alignment after restoration of lower lumbar lordosis in patients with degenerative flat back syndrome. J Neurosurg Spine. 7(4):387-92, 2007
Papagelopoulos PJ et al: Spinal column deformity and instability after lumbar or thoracolumbar laminectomy for intraspinal tumors in children and young adults. Spine. 22(4):442-51, 1997
Mullin BB et al: The effect of postlaminectomy spinal instability on the outcome of lumbar spinal stenosis patients. J Spinal Disord. 9(2):107-16, 1996
An HS et al: Spinal disorders at the cervicothoracic junction. Spine. 19(22):2557-64, 1994
Stromqvist B: Postlaminectomy problems with reference to spinal fusion. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 251:87-9, 1993
Butler JC et al: Postlaminectomy kyphosis. Causes and surgical management. Orthop Clin North Am. 23(3):505-11, 1992
Sano S et al: Unstable lumbar spine without hypermobility in postlaminectomy cases. Mechanism of symptoms and effect of spinal fusion with and without spinal instrumentation. Spine. 15(11):1190-7, 1990
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