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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Iatrogenic deformity, iatrogenic instability, postsurgical instability
Definitions
- Deformity: Abnormality of alignment, angulation, or shape of vertebral column following surgery
- May be associated with clinically significant findings, such as instability
- Instability: Postoperative loss of spine motion segment stiffness in which applied force produces greater displacement than normal with pain/deformity
- Deformity: Abnormality of alignment, angulation, or shape of vertebral column following surgery
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Dru AB et al: Cervical spine deformity correction techniques. Neurospine. 16(3):470-82, 2019
- Hua W et al: Incidence and risk factors of neurological complications during posterior vertebral column resection to correct severe post-tubercular kyphosis with late-onset neurological deficits: case series and review of the literature. J Orthop Surg Res. 13(1):269, 2018
- Mazel C et al: Malunion of post-traumatic thoracolumbar fractures. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 104(1S):S55-62, 2018
- Blondel B et al: Posterior global malalignment after osteotomy for sagittal plane deformity: it happens and here is why. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 38(7):E394-401, 2013
- Hassanzadeh H et al: Three-column osteotomies in the treatment of spinal deformity in adult patients 60 years old and older: outcome and complications. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 38(9):726-31, 2013
- Chau AM et al: Bone graft substitutes in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Eur Spine J. 18(4):449-64, 2009
- Crostelli M et al: Cervical fixation in the pediatric patient: our experience. Eur Spine J. 18 Suppl 1:20-8, 2009
- Gottfried ON et al: Spinopelvic parameters in postfusion flatback deformity patients. Spine J. 9(8):639-47, 2009
- Park DK et al: Problems related to cervical fusion: malalignment and nonunion. Instr Course Lect. 58:737-45, 2009
- Rahme R et al: Acute swan-neck deformity and spinal cord compression after cervical laminectomy. Can J Neurol Sci. 36(4):504-6, 2009
- Schwab F et al: Sagittal plane considerations and the pelvis in the adult patient. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(17):1828-33, 2009
- Heary RF et al: The history of spinal deformity. Neurosurgery. 63(3 Suppl):5-15, 2008
- Jagannathan J et al: Iatrogenic spinal deformity. Neurosurgery. 63(3 Suppl):104-16, 2008
- Jang JS et al: Changes in sagittal alignment after restoration of lower lumbar lordosis in patients with degenerative flat back syndrome. J Neurosurg Spine. 7(4):387-92, 2007
- Papagelopoulos PJ et al: Spinal column deformity and instability after lumbar or thoracolumbar laminectomy for intraspinal tumors in children and young adults. Spine. 22(4):442-51, 1997
- Mullin BB et al: The effect of postlaminectomy spinal instability on the outcome of lumbar spinal stenosis patients. J Spinal Disord. 9(2):107-16, 1996
- An HS et al: Spinal disorders at the cervicothoracic junction. Spine. 19(22):2557-64, 1994
- Stromqvist B: Postlaminectomy problems with reference to spinal fusion. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 251:87-9, 1993
- Butler JC et al: Postlaminectomy kyphosis. Causes and surgical management. Orthop Clin North Am. 23(3):505-11, 1992
- Sano S et al: Unstable lumbar spine without hypermobility in postlaminectomy cases. Mechanism of symptoms and effect of spinal fusion with and without spinal instrumentation. Spine. 15(11):1190-7, 1990
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Iatrogenic deformity, iatrogenic instability, postsurgical instability
Definitions
- Deformity: Abnormality of alignment, angulation, or shape of vertebral column following surgery
- May be associated with clinically significant findings, such as instability
- Instability: Postoperative loss of spine motion segment stiffness in which applied force produces greater displacement than normal with pain/deformity
- Deformity: Abnormality of alignment, angulation, or shape of vertebral column following surgery
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
- Dru AB et al: Cervical spine deformity correction techniques. Neurospine. 16(3):470-82, 2019
- Hua W et al: Incidence and risk factors of neurological complications during posterior vertebral column resection to correct severe post-tubercular kyphosis with late-onset neurological deficits: case series and review of the literature. J Orthop Surg Res. 13(1):269, 2018
- Mazel C et al: Malunion of post-traumatic thoracolumbar fractures. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 104(1S):S55-62, 2018
- Blondel B et al: Posterior global malalignment after osteotomy for sagittal plane deformity: it happens and here is why. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 38(7):E394-401, 2013
- Hassanzadeh H et al: Three-column osteotomies in the treatment of spinal deformity in adult patients 60 years old and older: outcome and complications. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 38(9):726-31, 2013
- Chau AM et al: Bone graft substitutes in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Eur Spine J. 18(4):449-64, 2009
- Crostelli M et al: Cervical fixation in the pediatric patient: our experience. Eur Spine J. 18 Suppl 1:20-8, 2009
- Gottfried ON et al: Spinopelvic parameters in postfusion flatback deformity patients. Spine J. 9(8):639-47, 2009
- Park DK et al: Problems related to cervical fusion: malalignment and nonunion. Instr Course Lect. 58:737-45, 2009
- Rahme R et al: Acute swan-neck deformity and spinal cord compression after cervical laminectomy. Can J Neurol Sci. 36(4):504-6, 2009
- Schwab F et al: Sagittal plane considerations and the pelvis in the adult patient. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(17):1828-33, 2009
- Heary RF et al: The history of spinal deformity. Neurosurgery. 63(3 Suppl):5-15, 2008
- Jagannathan J et al: Iatrogenic spinal deformity. Neurosurgery. 63(3 Suppl):104-16, 2008
- Jang JS et al: Changes in sagittal alignment after restoration of lower lumbar lordosis in patients with degenerative flat back syndrome. J Neurosurg Spine. 7(4):387-92, 2007
- Papagelopoulos PJ et al: Spinal column deformity and instability after lumbar or thoracolumbar laminectomy for intraspinal tumors in children and young adults. Spine. 22(4):442-51, 1997
- Mullin BB et al: The effect of postlaminectomy spinal instability on the outcome of lumbar spinal stenosis patients. J Spinal Disord. 9(2):107-16, 1996
- An HS et al: Spinal disorders at the cervicothoracic junction. Spine. 19(22):2557-64, 1994
- Stromqvist B: Postlaminectomy problems with reference to spinal fusion. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 251:87-9, 1993
- Butler JC et al: Postlaminectomy kyphosis. Causes and surgical management. Orthop Clin North Am. 23(3):505-11, 1992
- Sano S et al: Unstable lumbar spine without hypermobility in postlaminectomy cases. Mechanism of symptoms and effect of spinal fusion with and without spinal instrumentation. Spine. 15(11):1190-7, 1990
