Malignant tumor of sympathetic chain primitive neural crest cells
Increasing degrees of cellular differentiation/benignity along spectrum: Neuroblastoma [(NBL), malignant] → ganglioneuroblastoma (GNBL) → ganglioneuroma [(GN), benign]
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Kaufmann MR et al: Factors associated with the improved survival of head and neck neuroblastomas compared to other body sites. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 128(3):241-8, 2019
Newman EA et al: Update on neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Surg. 54(3):383-9, 2019
Chen AM et al: A review of neuroblastoma image-defined risk factors on magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatr Radiol. 48(9):1337-47, 2018
Csanády M et al: Multidisciplinary management of cervical neuroblastoma in infants. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 78(12):2103-6, 2014
Qureshi SS et al: Outcome and morbidity of surgical resection of primary cervical and cervicothoracic neuroblastoma in children: a comparative analysis. Pediatr Surg Int. 30(3):267-73, 2014
Vo KT et al: Clinical, biologic, and prognostic differences on the basis of primary tumor site in neuroblastoma: a report from the international neuroblastoma risk group project. J Clin Oncol. 32(28):3169-76, 2014
Okamatsu C et al: Clinicopathological characteristics of ganglioneuroma and ganglioneuroblastoma: a report from the CCG and COG. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 53(4):563-9, 2009
Sharp SE et al: 123I-MIBG scintigraphy and 18F-FDG PET in neuroblastoma. J Nucl Med. 50(8):1237-43, 2009
Okazaki T et al: Retropharyngeal neuroblastoma in a neonate: case report and literature review. Pediatr Surg Int. 23(10):1023-6, 2007
Jonas NE et al: Primary neuroblastoma: a rare cause of a retropharyngeal mass in a neonate. J Laryngol Otol. 120(3):E15, 2006
Mutch LS et al: Late presentation of opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome in a child with stage 4S neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 27(6):341-3, 2005
Paulino AC et al: Secondary neoplasms after radiotherapy for a childhood solid tumor. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 22(2):89-101, 2005
Smith MC et al: Primary cervical neuroblastoma in infants. J Laryngol Otol. 99(2):209-14, 1985
King D et al: Dumbbell neuroblastomas in children. Arch Surg. 110(8):888-91, 1975
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Neuroblastoma (NBL)
Definitions
Malignant tumor of sympathetic chain primitive neural crest cells
Increasing degrees of cellular differentiation/benignity along spectrum: Neuroblastoma [(NBL), malignant] → ganglioneuroblastoma (GNBL) → ganglioneuroma [(GN), benign]
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Kaufmann MR et al: Factors associated with the improved survival of head and neck neuroblastomas compared to other body sites. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 128(3):241-8, 2019
Newman EA et al: Update on neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Surg. 54(3):383-9, 2019
Chen AM et al: A review of neuroblastoma image-defined risk factors on magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatr Radiol. 48(9):1337-47, 2018
Csanády M et al: Multidisciplinary management of cervical neuroblastoma in infants. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 78(12):2103-6, 2014
Qureshi SS et al: Outcome and morbidity of surgical resection of primary cervical and cervicothoracic neuroblastoma in children: a comparative analysis. Pediatr Surg Int. 30(3):267-73, 2014
Vo KT et al: Clinical, biologic, and prognostic differences on the basis of primary tumor site in neuroblastoma: a report from the international neuroblastoma risk group project. J Clin Oncol. 32(28):3169-76, 2014
Okamatsu C et al: Clinicopathological characteristics of ganglioneuroma and ganglioneuroblastoma: a report from the CCG and COG. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 53(4):563-9, 2009
Sharp SE et al: 123I-MIBG scintigraphy and 18F-FDG PET in neuroblastoma. J Nucl Med. 50(8):1237-43, 2009
Okazaki T et al: Retropharyngeal neuroblastoma in a neonate: case report and literature review. Pediatr Surg Int. 23(10):1023-6, 2007
Jonas NE et al: Primary neuroblastoma: a rare cause of a retropharyngeal mass in a neonate. J Laryngol Otol. 120(3):E15, 2006
Mutch LS et al: Late presentation of opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome in a child with stage 4S neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 27(6):341-3, 2005
Paulino AC et al: Secondary neoplasms after radiotherapy for a childhood solid tumor. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 22(2):89-101, 2005