ACR Contrast Reaction Card: Adults. American College of Radiology. Updated February 24, 2022. Accessed April 13, 2022. https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Clinical-Resources/Contrast-Reaction-Card-Adult.pdf
ECOG Performance Status Scale. ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group. Accessed April 13, 2022. https://ecog-acrin.org/resources/ecog-performance-status/
Gurbani S: The role of IR in the patient-centered care paradigm. Society of Interventional Radiology. Accessed April 13, 2022. http://rfs.sirweb.org/2016/02/29/the-role-of-ir-in-the-patient-centered-care-paradigm/
MELD calculator. Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network: US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Accessed April 13, 2022. https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/data/allocation-calculators/meld-calculator/
ACR Manual On Contrast Media: ACR Committee on Drugs and Contrast Media. American College of Radiology, 2021 https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Clinical-Resources/Contrast_Media.pdf
Asgharpour M et al: Intravenous contrast agents in diabetic patients taking metformin; an updated review on current concepts. J Nephropathol. 9(1): e05, 2020. https://nephropathol.com/Article/jnp-10894
Patel IJ et al: Society of Interventional Radiology consensus guidelines for the periprocedural management of thrombotic and bleeding risk in patients undergoing percutaneous image-guided interventions-part II: recommendations: endorsed by the Canadian Association for Interventional Radiology and the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 30(8):1168-84.e1, 2019
Peng Y et al: Child-Pugh versus MELD score for the assessment of prognosis in liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 95(8):e2877, 2016
Rafiei P et al: Society of Interventional Radiology IR pre-procedure patient safety checklist by the Safety and Health Committee. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 27(5):695-9, 2016
Taslakian B et al: Patient evaluation and preparation in vascular and interventional radiology: what every interventional radiologist should know (part 1: patient assessment and laboratory tests). Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 39(3):325-33, 2016
Taslakian B et al: Patient evaluation and preparation in vascular and interventional radiology: what every interventional radiologist should know (part 2: patient preparation and medications). Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 39(4):489-99, 2016
Cho KJ: Carbon dioxide angiography: scientific principles and practice. Vasc Specialist Int. 31(3):67-80, 2015
Wichmann JL et al: Contrast-induced nephropathy. Circulation. 132(20):1931-6, 2015
Olsen JW et al: Moderate sedation: what radiologists need to know. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 201(5):941-6, 2013
Steele JR et al: Quality improvement in interventional radiology: an opportunity to demonstrate value and improve patient-centered care. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 23(4):435-41; quiz 442, 2012
Johnson S: Sedation and analgesia in the performance of interventional procedures. Semin Intervent Radiol. 27(4):368-73, 2010
Papaspyros SC et al: Briefing and debriefing in the cardiac operating room. Analysis of impact on theatre team attitude and patient safety. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 10(1):43-7, 2010
Wiggins TF et al: Sedation, analgesia, and monitoring. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 23(1):14-20, 2010
ACR Manual on Contrast media. Version 7, 2010
Hawkins IF et al: Carbon dioxide in angiography to reduce the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy. Radiol Clin North Am. 47(5):813-25, v-vi, 2009
Lasser EC: Nonionic iodinated contrast media reactions. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(2):W80; author reply W81, 2009
Stahel et al: The 5th anniversary of the "Universal Protocol": pitfalls and pearls. Patient Safety in Surgery 3:14, 2009
Singh J et al: Iodinated contrast media and their adverse reactions. J Nucl Med Technol. 36(2):69-74; quiz 76-7, 2008
Ead H: From Aldrete to PADSS: Reviewing discharge criteria after ambulatory surgery. J Perianesth Nurs. 21(4):259-67, 2006
Devereaux PJ et al: Perioperative cardiac events in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a review of the magnitude of the problem, the pathophysiology of the events and methods to estimate and communicate risk. CMAJ. 173(6):627-34, 2005
Michota FA et al: The preoperative evaluation: use the history and physical rather than routine testing. Cleve Clin J Med. 71(1):63-70, 2004
American Society of Anesthesiologists task force on sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists: practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology. 96(4):1004-17, 2002
A follow-up review of wrong site surgery. Sentinel Event Alert. (24):1-3, 2001
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Quality of Health Care in America: Crossing the quality chasm: a new health system for the 21st century. National Academies Press, 2001
Kamath PS et al: A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology. 33(2):464-70, 2001
Lee TH et al: Derivation and prospective validation of a simple index for prediction of cardiac risk of major noncardiac surgery. Circulation. 100(10):1043-9, 1999
Oken MM et al: Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol. 5(6):649-55, 1982
Cassileth BR et al: Informed consent -- why are its goals imperfectly realized? N Engl J Med. 302(16):896-900, 1980
Faden RR et al: Decision-making and informed consent: a study of the impact of disclosed information. Soc Indic Res. 7(1-4):313-36, 1980
Child CG et al: Surgery and portal hypertension. Major Probl Clin Surg. 1:1-85, 1964
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Preprocedure Work-Up
Informed Consent
Sedation
Time Out
PREPROCEDURE WORK-UP
Provide High-Quality Care
Prioritize Patient's Overall Health
Systematic Approach to Preprocedural Care
Patient Referral
Key Questions in Advance Planning
Patient Contact
Cardiac Risk Stratification
Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Preprocedure Performance Status
CONSENT
Informed Consent
Exceptions to Informed Consent
Sedation
Level of Sedation
Moderate Sedation
Presedation Checklist
Universal Protocol
Brief
Rationale, History
Time Out
Debrief
Iodinated Contrast Reactions
Prophylaxis Regimens
Treatment of Reactions
Monitoring
Intraprocedural Monitoring
Postprocedure Monitoring/Discharge
Selected References
ACR Contrast Reaction Card: Adults. American College of Radiology. Updated February 24, 2022. Accessed April 13, 2022. https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Clinical-Resources/Contrast-Reaction-Card-Adult.pdf
ECOG Performance Status Scale. ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group. Accessed April 13, 2022. https://ecog-acrin.org/resources/ecog-performance-status/
Gurbani S: The role of IR in the patient-centered care paradigm. Society of Interventional Radiology. Accessed April 13, 2022. http://rfs.sirweb.org/2016/02/29/the-role-of-ir-in-the-patient-centered-care-paradigm/
MELD calculator. Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network: US Dept. of Health and Human Services. Accessed April 13, 2022. https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/data/allocation-calculators/meld-calculator/
ACR Manual On Contrast Media: ACR Committee on Drugs and Contrast Media. American College of Radiology, 2021 https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Clinical-Resources/Contrast_Media.pdf
Asgharpour M et al: Intravenous contrast agents in diabetic patients taking metformin; an updated review on current concepts. J Nephropathol. 9(1): e05, 2020. https://nephropathol.com/Article/jnp-10894
Patel IJ et al: Society of Interventional Radiology consensus guidelines for the periprocedural management of thrombotic and bleeding risk in patients undergoing percutaneous image-guided interventions-part II: recommendations: endorsed by the Canadian Association for Interventional Radiology and the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 30(8):1168-84.e1, 2019
Peng Y et al: Child-Pugh versus MELD score for the assessment of prognosis in liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 95(8):e2877, 2016
Rafiei P et al: Society of Interventional Radiology IR pre-procedure patient safety checklist by the Safety and Health Committee. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 27(5):695-9, 2016
Taslakian B et al: Patient evaluation and preparation in vascular and interventional radiology: what every interventional radiologist should know (part 1: patient assessment and laboratory tests). Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 39(3):325-33, 2016
Taslakian B et al: Patient evaluation and preparation in vascular and interventional radiology: what every interventional radiologist should know (part 2: patient preparation and medications). Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 39(4):489-99, 2016
Cho KJ: Carbon dioxide angiography: scientific principles and practice. Vasc Specialist Int. 31(3):67-80, 2015
Wichmann JL et al: Contrast-induced nephropathy. Circulation. 132(20):1931-6, 2015
Olsen JW et al: Moderate sedation: what radiologists need to know. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 201(5):941-6, 2013
Steele JR et al: Quality improvement in interventional radiology: an opportunity to demonstrate value and improve patient-centered care. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 23(4):435-41; quiz 442, 2012
Johnson S: Sedation and analgesia in the performance of interventional procedures. Semin Intervent Radiol. 27(4):368-73, 2010
Papaspyros SC et al: Briefing and debriefing in the cardiac operating room. Analysis of impact on theatre team attitude and patient safety. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 10(1):43-7, 2010
Wiggins TF et al: Sedation, analgesia, and monitoring. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 23(1):14-20, 2010
ACR Manual on Contrast media. Version 7, 2010
Hawkins IF et al: Carbon dioxide in angiography to reduce the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy. Radiol Clin North Am. 47(5):813-25, v-vi, 2009
Lasser EC: Nonionic iodinated contrast media reactions. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(2):W80; author reply W81, 2009
Stahel et al: The 5th anniversary of the "Universal Protocol": pitfalls and pearls. Patient Safety in Surgery 3:14, 2009
Singh J et al: Iodinated contrast media and their adverse reactions. J Nucl Med Technol. 36(2):69-74; quiz 76-7, 2008
Ead H: From Aldrete to PADSS: Reviewing discharge criteria after ambulatory surgery. J Perianesth Nurs. 21(4):259-67, 2006
Devereaux PJ et al: Perioperative cardiac events in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a review of the magnitude of the problem, the pathophysiology of the events and methods to estimate and communicate risk. CMAJ. 173(6):627-34, 2005
Michota FA et al: The preoperative evaluation: use the history and physical rather than routine testing. Cleve Clin J Med. 71(1):63-70, 2004
American Society of Anesthesiologists task force on sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists: practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology. 96(4):1004-17, 2002
A follow-up review of wrong site surgery. Sentinel Event Alert. (24):1-3, 2001
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Quality of Health Care in America: Crossing the quality chasm: a new health system for the 21st century. National Academies Press, 2001
Kamath PS et al: A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology. 33(2):464-70, 2001
Lee TH et al: Derivation and prospective validation of a simple index for prediction of cardiac risk of major noncardiac surgery. Circulation. 100(10):1043-9, 1999
Oken MM et al: Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol. 5(6):649-55, 1982
Cassileth BR et al: Informed consent -- why are its goals imperfectly realized? N Engl J Med. 302(16):896-900, 1980
Faden RR et al: Decision-making and informed consent: a study of the impact of disclosed information. Soc Indic Res. 7(1-4):313-36, 1980
Child CG et al: Surgery and portal hypertension. Major Probl Clin Surg. 1:1-85, 1964
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